in Scotland and Parts of England. 263 



state a few only of the facts which are thus overlooked and 

 slighted. 



The first is the extent and direction of the operation of the 

 agent in the North of Europe. In the central parts of Swe- 

 den, and the southern parts of Norway, there is but one sys- 

 tem of mammillated rocks and of striation — this being from 

 NNE. and NE. : — it involves hills of several hundred feet 

 ill height, and passes across and athwart valleys, with an ab- 

 solute indifference to such irregularities. Now, no free sea 

 could produce a uniformity of movement over so wide a space, 

 or with such indifference to forms of the surface ; and, even 

 if the abrupt elevation of the Scandinavian chain demanded 

 by Sir Roderick Murchison were granted, the ice and detritus 

 thrown off by that operation could never have so soon turned 

 off in a different direction — first sweeping to the east and 

 then returning towards the west. 



In the second place, these theories altogether overlook cer- 

 tain peculiar minute features of the abraded surface, which 

 are to be accounted for as well as the general fact of an abra- 

 sion having taken place. I would instance the perfect polish- 

 ing and striation of the under faces of overhanging rocks, and 

 of the sides of certain deep narrow channels — six feet deep 

 sometimes, and little more than one foot wide. I may point 

 still more particularly to a class of objects which abound in 

 Sweden, in connection with glacialised surfaces. These are the 

 celebrated Jettegryder,or Reisentopfes (Giants 1 Pots or Tubs). 

 In the midst of a glacialised surface, perhaps on the side of 

 a mountain, perhaps on the col or summit of a pass through 

 a chain of mountains, we see a circular pit of three, six, ten, 

 or more feet in depth, and three, six, or even eight feet in 

 diameter, with sides and bottom worn quite as smooth as the 

 parts of the surface near by. There is an evident connec- 

 tion between the pit and the neighbouring smoothings in 

 respect of cause. Generally, we find a sort of channel run- 

 ning up to and into the pit, forming an indentation in its 

 lip ; and in one instance at least, I observed that a mould- 

 ing descended obliquely from this entrance down to the bot- 

 tom, while striae followed the same line, the whole sides 

 indeed being marked by curious scoopings, and in term e- 



