34 BULLETIN 1003, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
are used in the manufacture of roofing cement and shingle stains, 
and as a softener and binder in treating heavy cotton cloths with 
metallic resinates, for water and mildew proofing purposes. In Rus- 
sia a similar pine product is-used extensively as a leather dressing for 
‘harnesses, boots, etc. Either by itself or mixed with tar it might 
be successfully employed in the preparation of cordage, tar soap, 
moth-proof paper bags, leather dressings, etc. Bacteriological tests 
have shown it to possess a phenol coefficient equal to one-half that 
of carbolic acid. 
Both the light and heavy crude oils, as well as some of the other 
products of this investigation, were examined to determine their 
adaptability to flotation purposes by the United States Bureau of 
Mines at Salt Lake City, Utah (page 54), and also by several mining 
companies operating in the western States. One company reported 
that while all the pine oils were generally satisfactory for zinc ores, - 
the crude light oil and a partially refined pine oil were particularly 
good. Another stated that the results differed only slightly from 
those obtained with oil from the southeastern pines, this being one of 
the most effective oils for flotation purposes. Probably all would be 
good for copper ores if used in conjunction with kerosene sludge acid. 
PITCH. 
The average yields of pitch from all classes of wood are not widely 
different except those from dead, down wood, which are much smaller 
than those from richer woods. No tests, either physical or chemical, 
have been developed with which to compare the qualities of the 
different samples of resinous-wood pitch found in commerce, other 
than the presence or absence of foreign matter, and no specifications 
on the basis of which to make such comparisons have been estab- 
lished. For this reason, and because its most important application 
is for impregnating fibers in the manufacture of oakum and cordage, 
and for closing seams in the decks of vessels, when it is combined in 
various proportions with tar and turpentine to secure the consistency 
desired, a systematic examination of individual samples of this ma- 
terial has not been made. These differ so little, the only apparent 
distinction that could be drawn between samples being a slight varia- 
tion in their relative hardness, that a general description will suffice. 
The pitch is a black, brittle to-shghtly plant solid, having a. 
specific gravity of 1.144 to 1.148 and in hardness varying from that 
of common rosin, in the more brittle, to that holding a finger print 
and possessing slight tackiness in the softer samples at ordinary tem- 
peratures. So susceptible is it to temperature changes that samples 
which were found to be tough or pliant through the day became quite 
brittle during the night. Its melting point is consequently very in- 
definite. It behaves like a viscous fluid at 75° to 100° C., is sirupy 
