DISTILLATION OF STUMPWOOD. 49 
When stumps of the different grades (p. 15) were dynamited 
but little difference was found between the poor and medium-quality 
stumps. Furthermore, unless the exudation of rosin is exception- 
ally abundant, it can not be taken as an indication that the stumps 
are rich or pitchy. So disappointing was this superficial indication 
of quality, used before its true value was established from dyna- 
miting a number of stumps, that, to avoid shipping a lot of what 
was plainly worthless material, the poor stumps were taken from 
those that had been classified as medium, leaving only a few spe- 
cially selected stumps from which the rich wood proper was ob- 
tained. 
In view of these facts, poor and medium-quality stumps, as the 
terms are used in this bulletin, are those in which the sound heart- 
wood approximately equals in resinous appearance that found in 
the heartwood of an average yellow-pine log, except that it is richer 
toward the spreading of the roots. The resinous material in such 
wood comes largely from this portion of the stump. Medium 
stumps differ from poor stumps only in that there is a somewhat 
larger proportion of the very resinous wood at the spreading of the 
roots, the main volume of heartwood in these two classes of stumps 
appearing to be essentially alike. Rich or pitchy stumps differ from 
the medium in that the heartwood is more uniformly resinous 
- throughout the whole of the stump and constitutes perhaps from 
60 to 80 per cent, or more, of the whole stump, while in the poor 
and medium stumps the resinous DEER constitutes less than half 
of the entire stump. 
To verify the conclusion that the ‘ich. or pitchy stumps average 
not more than a cord an acre of wood suitable for distillation, all 
the stumps on a typical area were removed, representative samples 
selected, and an estimate made of the total quantity of such wood 
on the area from which stumps were taken. This selected represen- 
tative acre contained 12 stumps, 9 of which were classed as medium 
to poor, and 3 as resinous or rich. The 9 nonresinous stumps con- 
tained between 3 and 4 cords of wood, of which but 1,500 pounds, or 
one-half cord, was sound heartwood, the remainder being doaty, 
nonresinous sapwood, which was separated from the heartwood in 
the field, only the heartwood being taken to the laboratory. At 
least 80 per cent of worthless nonresinous.material was split out 
of these stumps in obtaining the half cord of heartwood. In the 
large resinous stumps there were 14 cords of resinous wood, all of 
the quality represented by the sample. The nonresinous stumps; 
though quite large (36 to 40 inches), were smaller than the resinous 
stumps. 
60953°—21—__4 
