32 BULLETIN 1008, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
ence of water and other low-boiling constituents, which rises rapidly 
to 160° C. The complex nature of this material is indicated by its 
wide temperature range when subjected to distillation. Typical 
results are shown mm Table 16. 
TABLE 16.—Distillation data of composite crude light cil. - 
Material distilling between— Amount. | Material distilling between— Amount. 
} | = 
- Per cent. || Per cent. 
HANG 20a Caste ke ee Meee ees 307230 angi kOe. oak toe eee eee 54.3 
AZO aI CeSO lO ee Eee ee Sere 135601) Watery layers are eee ee ee 3a 1.8 
USO csande230 Cs sea Pet Cree 21.1 || Residue sott-piteh: -2=.5-. 222.22. E gg eee 5 5GG 
On subjecting the various samples of crude light oil to dry dis- 
tillation at atmospheric pressure, using a fractionating column, an 
average of 34.5 per cent was found to distil below 225° C. Of the 
total distillate an average of 1.8 per cent was aqueous. This aque- 
ous portion, as well as the lighter portions of the oily distillate, con- 
tains quantities of acetic acid, methyl alcohol, and acetone. The 
dificulty of their recovery in a state pure enough for quantitative 
estimation is such, however, that it is as yet possible only to esti- 
mate the quantities of these bodies present. 
On treating the distillate obtained below 225° C. with an excess 
of 20 per cent alkali solution, a marked contraction in volume of the 
oil and decided heating were observed. When the oil thus treated 
was steam distilled to exhaustion, 87 per cent (1.3 gallons a cord) 
of total distillate was recovered as a rather sharp-smelling, light- 
yellow oil having an uncertain initial boiling point of about 125° C. 
On dry ae ling this steam-distilled oil, 60 per cent passed over 
below 175° C., and the remainder. ee ticd lp, to 2002 Ces sinestes 
behavior on dictiWlation it shows a close resemblance to rosin spirits. 
By treating the crude light oil with alkali and distilling with 
_ steam as in the refining of the crude turpentine, 10 per cent (0.4- 
gallon a cord) of the oil is recovered as refined rosin spirits dis- 
tilling at from 130° to 200° C. and 20 per cent as a pine-oil fraction 
distiling at from 175° to 275° C. The pine-oil fraction distilling 
at from 175° to 275° C. has a lemon-yellow color like refined pine 
oil, but an unpleasant, altogether different odor, and can not be con- 
.sidered as pine oil, except perhaps in certain of its constituents. 
Fifty per cent of it distils below 200° C. 
The residue from this steam distillation of the crude lght baa 
forms a heavy emulsion with the alkali present. On the addition of 4 
acid about 10 per cent of the original oil separates out as a heavy tar 
that settles to the bottom. The remaining oil has about the density of 
water, slowly floating to the top, is dark, and has a mild odor. 
Distilled in a vacuum of from 10 to 20 mm., 80 to 85 per cent 
(3.2 to 3.4 gallons a cord) of the crude light oil is recovered as a 
