DISTILLATION OF STUMPWOOD. 27 
of unavoidable transfer losses. The mean of the two, therefore, 
is used in calculating gallons a cord. 
TABLE 18.—Specimen log of @ run of 150 pounds of Boise medium yellow-pine 
stumpwood. 
Products obtained.| @Com- 
Temper- bined oil ; 
Time. ature of ral Sabe Remarks. 
oil bath.) oj), Water. ter. 
A. M. “(Gb Ce C% Ce. 
REZ Ga pe eee Biles Scenes se PEEP EY: «Lilac dosodens Lighted gas, started pump, closed bottom coil. 
10.00 DHEA: || © Seager PENS ln bree eS | A a eee Distillate started. 
10.30 238 410 TO Be eres ae 
11.00 250 540 1100) eee Se 
11.30 260 500 Q40F eee cece: 
12.00 261 495 SOO se oee eae = Took sample acid liquor for analysis. 
12.30 256 430 640 eee eee eee Noncondensable white vapors first appeared; last 
of first turpentine. 
ell, 
1,00 261 360 AR Dal wey pa First ofsecond turpentine; began saving acid liquor. 
1.30 261 385 OOM passes ne 
2.00 261 370 DON eevemeretiete 
2.30 260 300 Coho) Bee et gee Gas from vent-pipe burns. 
3.00 260 235 E559) 0) Py aes a 
3.30 263 180 DAW OS BascBe do 
4,00 258 160 HO ee ees ae Last of second turpentine; ran up temperature; 
- opened bottom coil. 
4,30 281 135 AQ OM een First of light oil. 
5.00 298 165 SOON Ae sees 
5.30 310 170 S38 0p eee 
6.00 319 380 15 0R|ae eee aoe 
6.10 322 230 4 Oe eeeterape trae Last light oil. 
6.30 Boia eer oes ae he 3,050 | Heavy oil started. 
7.00 BOO ee Paleo cr ace 4,050 
7.30 SAR Brees ieee oh 2,050 
8.00 BT Sg CICS oceans 1,550 
8.30 SAOM meecopetens al ete ay eens 1,100 
9.00 BYE Nes a SA Sd a aN ye 600 
9.30 SABE he See rereleased Ba 240 
10.00 SU le ais ak Ms i Og 90 | Shut down, drew pitch; drip 150 ce. heavy oil by 
_ Next morning. 
CHARACTER OF CHANGES OCCURRING DURING DISTILLATION. 
Wood tissue is made up primarily of cellulose, which, built up 
into cells and tissue, constitutes the structural element of plants, 
and lenin, which occurs as an incrusting matter or coating on the 
cell walls. In resinous wood there is a further deposit in the wood 
tissue of oleoresin from which the turpentine and pine oils are ob- 
tained when the wood is subjected to distillation at a relatively low 
temperature. 
As previously explained, the nonvolatile substance remaining 
when the volatile oils are distilled from the oleoresin is rosin, a sub- 
stance largely composed of abietic acid. Toward the end of the tur- 
pentine stage of the distillation the contents of the retort may be 
considered as made up principally of abietic acid, cellulose, and 
lgninlike substances, all of which are composed of the elements 
carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. The molecules of these substances. 
being comparatively large and complex, are readily broken down 
by the application of heat into a series of simpler compounds, some 
of which, reacting the one on the other, may form still other com- 
