DISTILLATION OF STUMPWOOD. 91 
rich stumpwood shot on land that had been cut over 4 or 5 years 
before; (e) dead, down yellow-pine wood collected from the better 
quality of knots, limbs, and trunks of trees lying throughout the 
woods; (7) rich, dead tops from trees felled in logging operations, 
the tops of which were dead from advanced maturity, and dead 
standing trees that had died from the same cause; (g) the better 
quality of tops and limbs from freshly felled trees. In addition, 
certain other samples were included in the investigation. The sam- 
ple designated “rich stumpwood, Viola” was from western yellow- 
pine stumpwood, from a ranch located near Viola. These stumps, 
the last of those remaining scattered through the field, had been 
shot out with dynamite, and the best snaked to the house for fuel. 
It was from this lot, the weight a cord of which was estimated to 
be 3,500 pounds, that a sample was taken. Trees cut from these 
stumps were said to have been felled 35 or more years before. The 
wood was very resinous, and to all appearances the same as the 
better grades of pitch pine of North Carolina or other southern 
States. 
The sample 30-inch stump from Priest River, obtained from a 
single large yellow-pine stump sent in from Priest River, Idaho, 
was selected as representing the best of the rich, or pitchy, stumps 
-in that region. It had been blown out with dynamite, and the whole 
stump, roots and body, split into several pieces by the blast, was 
weighed, split, and reduced to stove-wood size. It was then mixed 
by being thrown together in a heap and repiled five or six times, 
after which it was neatly stacked under a shed. Dimensions of 
the pile of wood thus stacked were 8x7x1.5 feet, equal to a volume 
of 84 cubic feet. The stump weighed 2,190 pounds, so that as piled 
this wood weighed SE, or 3,830 pounds a cord, in round 
numbers. The tree cut from this stump had been felled about 
seven years, not long enough for the sapwood to have rotted away 
or become detached from the lightwood within. This sapwood con- 
tained absolutely no turpentine and impoverished the wood to that 
extent. It is estimated to have constituted 20 per cent of the total 
volume of wood in the stump. 
The samples identified in Table 14 as “dead, down limbs” and 
“fire-scarred butts, Viola” were from yellow pine taken near 
Viola. Both samples were very resinous for these classes of wood. 
There was not a sufficient quantity of either to determine closely the’ 
weight of a measured cord. Nevertheless, if these facts are borne 
in mind and these samples are considered with other samples of the 
same classes of wood, they furnish an indication of the products to 
be recovered from these materials, which are quite plentiful in some 
sections. In some regions as much as 20 per cent of the butt logs 
