20 BULLETIN 1003, U. 8S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
surface. There was a little dead, down wood, and, as the tops of 
freshly fallen trees did not appear to be essentially different from 
those seen elsewhere and were obtainable nearer Moscow, a sample 
of this wood was not taken. It was difficult to judge the relative 
quality of the green stumps other than by the proportion of heart- 
wood to sapwood, the apparent resin content of the heartwood being 
quite uniform. The proportion of truly resinous heartwood to sap- 
wood varies greatly, however, a matter of importance in considering 
the value of the stumps, owing to the dearth of resin in the sapwood. 
Probably 50 per cent of the green yellow-pine stumps are of the 
quality represented by sample, and the remainder of inferior quality, 
in so far as the proportion of heartwood to sapwood is concerned. 
It would be very difficult to remove these stumps unless they were 
taken out with the logging operations, because of the fact that the 
mountainous topography and limited rainfall preclude an extensive 
agricultural development in the wake of the logging operations. The 
surface of the land presents an irregular series of steep ridges be- 
tween which wind deep, narrow valleys, where spur tracks are laid 
for the logs which are skidded down the hillsides to be loaded on 
tracks, moved as fast as the logs are taken away. The stumps, 
therefore, become inaccessible as soon as the tracks are taken up. 
CRAIG MOUNTAIN REGION. 
The yellow pine of the Craig Mountain region is a practically 
pure stand over an area some 10 miles long by 5 miles wide on an 
elevated, fairly level plateau. Receding from this central area the 
timber opens abruptly on Mission Canyon and the prairie country 
toward the north and west, and less abruptly toward the east, 
while toward the south it soon becomes mixed with fir and tamarack 
in the Salmon River country. A lumber mill with a daily capacity 
of about 125,000 feet operates in Winchester, which is centrally lo- 
cated in this yellow-pine belt. Comparatively little of. the timber 
had been cut. 
In the central pine area the stand of yellow pine varied from > 
400,000 to 800,000 board feet a “forty,” with an average of approxi- 
mately 20 stumps over 30 inches in diameter an acre where the 
_stand was closest. The mill men and cruisers consulted agreed that 
probably x per cent of the total stand throughout this region is 
“bull pine.” 
Seven samples were eden from this region, as follows: (a) 
Green yellow-pine stumpwood from several stumps blown out of 
the roadbed in extending spur tracks for logging purposes; (0) 
medium to rich stumpwood from stumps blown out in highway 
construction ; (¢) medium to poor stumpwood from the same locality 
in which the medium to rich samples were obtained; (¢) medium to 
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