DISTILLATION OF STUMPWOOD. 15 
TAKING SAMPLES. 
In the spring of 1914, samples, with the attendant field data, were 
obtained from four acres in different parts of the State typical of 
the regions they were selected to represent, namely: (a) Cut-over 
land of a lumber company in Latah County, hereafter referred to as 
the Potlatch-Deary region; (0) the Coeur d’Alene and Hayden Lake 
region; (¢) the South Idaho or Boise-Payette region; and (d) the 
Craig Mountain or Winchester region. 
In these field-sampling operations a rapid reconnaissance trip was 
made to get a general idea as to the abundance and apparent quality 
of the stumps in a region. On the basis of such knowledge an area 
considered representative of the district was selected, from which 
samples representing the different qualities of stumps, together with 
data for an estimate of their relative abundance and number per 
acre, were taken. 
_ In the beginning the stumps were arbitrarily classed as “rich” 
when the top showed a marked resinous exudation, or, if burned over, 
revealed decidedly resinous wood when cut into with an axe, as 
“medium” when it showed but little of such exudation, and as 
“poor” when, although apparently sound, it was devoid of any 
resinous exudation. All stumps containing little if any resinous 
wood are classed as “bull pine,” despite the fact. that this term is 
usually limited to the western yellow pine less than 24 inches across 
the stump. 
Selected stumps of each class were removed by blasting, and only 
enough of their heartwood was taken to make, with wood from other 
stumps of the same quality, a cord sample of that class. This cord, 
or a smaller sample selected from this measured cord, was then 
shipped to Moscow for the experimental work. 
In all cases the sapwood was split off and rejected; hence the re- 
sults obtained in this investigation do not show what can be ob- 
tained from the whole stump of each quality, but oniy from the 
resinous heartwood. Because the western yellow-pine stumps ordi- 
narily contained so little heartwood (on an average about 50 per 
cent), stumps under 24 inches were considered only when they con- 
tained larger proportions of the resinous. heartwood. Such stumps, 
in later years, should the sapwood rot off while the heartwood re- 
mained sound and resinous, would then be practically 100 per cent 
resinous, but, of course, oir yield a much smaller qua milby < of 
total wood. 
Distinction eg “yellow pine”-and “bull pine.”—The term 
“yellow pine” is here used to designate such members of the Pinus 
ponderosa group as-contain an appreciable portion of relatively resin- 
