2 BULLETIN 1003, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Removing the stumps is arduous and costly (8),‘and so far they 
have been considered to be worthless after removal. Any process 
which may serve to reduce the cost of clearing the land or lead to 
the discovery of a profitable use for the stumps is, therefore, worthy 
of careful consideration. Observations on the methods of utilizing 
the more resinous portions of the yellow pine of the South in the 
manufacture of wood-distillation products suggested the possibility 
that the western species might serve the same purpose, as these trees, 
especially the stumps, are often quite resinous. 
It is well known that western yellow pine was used in California as 
a profitable source of turpentine during the Civil War (13). In 
speaking of turpentine obtained from western yellow pine, Schorger 
(7) says: “ There is no reason to suppose that both the California 
ahd the Arizona oils will not serve the purposes for which ordinary 
turpentine is commonly used.” According to Betts (2), nearly as 
much turpentine and rosin was obtained from western yellow pine 
as from the pines of the Southeast. Wenzell (5) states that the odor, 
specific gravity, and boiling point of oleoresin from Pinus ponderosa 
correspond with those of the common oil of turpentine. It is there- 
fore reasonable to suppose that turpentine operations in the large 
tracts of virgin pine timber in the West will be undertaken within a 
few years, because of the rapid cutting of the yellow pine of the 
South. 
DISTRIBUTION OF WESTERN YELLOW PINE. 
For convenience the chief areas of western yellow pine may be 
grouped as follows: 
(1) Arizona and New Mexico. 
(2) California. 
(3) Oregon and Washington. 
(4) Idaho, Montana, and Utah. 
(5) Colorado, South Dakota, and Wyoming. 
For want of accurate data, no estimates covering the quantities of 
this species annually cut for fuel and uses other than for lumber are 
given, although this amount is known to be considerable. Neither 
is any account taken of the distillation material to be derived from 
“fat” limbs and “ pitchy ” butts. 
The estimates of stands, and therefore of stumps, in many of the 
' States are low because the results of the cruises of much privately 
owned timber were not obtainable. 
The problem of the better utilization of this species is by no means 
confined to Idaho. Tables 2 to 12 and the map (fig. 1) furnish con- 
clusive proof of the enormous quantities of yellow-pine stumps to be 
had in several Western States. It will not be profitable to work up 
by distillation methods any but the more resinous of the stumps, 
“fat” limbs, and “ pitchy ” butts. A complete field survey of each 
