FORESTRY LESSONS ON" HOME WOODLANDS 



15 



expensive wood is used that could be replaced by a cheaper sub- 

 stituted What high-priced timber is found in the district? What 

 is the common method of treating fence posts ? How do telephone 

 and telegraph companies protect their poles ? What good and what 

 bad example of the use of farm timber can you mention ? 



Correlations. — Language: Make a written or an oral report on the 

 methods of cutting and handling timber on the farm, with especial 

 reference to disposing of waste timber. Write a short account of 

 the best methods used in the preservation of timber used in posts, 

 railroad ties, and other lumber. 



_ Arithmetic: Measure the height of stumps in a cut-over piece of 

 timber and calculate the amount of lumber wasted. If one hundred 

 7-foot black walnut fence posts averaging 5 inches square in size can 

 be replaced by 100 locust or red cedar posts of the same size, calcu- 



Fig. 8.— Small pine logs cut in improving the woods by thinning 



late, on the basis of local prices, the amount saved by the substitution. 

 If creosoting a softwood post costs 15 cents each for treating but will 

 make it last three times as long as one not treated, assuming average 

 present local prices for labor in replacements and cost of untreated 

 posts, what will be saved in 20 years in fencing a quarter section of 

 land with posts spaced 12 feet apart? 



Lesson VI. MEASURING AND ESTIMATING TIMBER 



Problem. — How shall timber be measured and estimated? 



Sources of information. — Farmers' Bulletin 1210; colleges of agri- 

 culture or State foresters' publications; rule for scaling logs, page 37. 



Topics for study. — Measuring saw logs: Show how the diameter 

 at the small end is found by measuring inside the bark along an 

 average line, or two measurements taken at right angles and the 

 two averaged. The diameter and length found, the approximate lum- 



1913°_i 2 5t 3 



