FORESTRY LESSONS ON HOME WOODLANDS 35 



THE BROADLEAF TREES 



II. Leaves Simple, Alternate, Lobed, and with Toothed Edges, or only 

 with Smooth or Coarsely Toothed Edges 



A. Leaves deeply lobed, or with large notches. 



(1) Leaves as wide as they are long. Fruit, a swinging ball, 1 to 1^ 



inches in diameter. 



(a) Leaves with finely toothed margins; star-shaped, the di- 



visions pointed. Fruit, burlike balls, from which, when 

 ripe, small, winged seeds may be shaken. Bark rough. 



(Liquidambar) Sweet gum. 



(b) Leaves with smooth margins, 3 to 5 inches long, pointed 



lobes, the space between the lobes rounded. Fruit, a 

 rough ball, easily broken when ripe; composed of closely 

 packed, long, narrow seeds which have hairlike bristles 

 at their lower ends and are attached to a bulletlike 

 central part. Old bark of trunks and large limbs peel- 

 ing off in thin, curled pieces, leaving pale inner bark 

 showing in irregular patches (Platanus) Sycamore. 



(2) Leaves longer than wide. 



(a) Leaves large, with deep, roundtopped, or with pointed 

 bristletipped lobes, or only with coarse marginal teeth. 

 Fruit, an acorn, resting in a separable cup. 



(Quercus) Oak. 



(6) Leaves small, with little sharp teeth on margin. Twigs 

 bearing sharp thorns. Fruit small (like a little apple), 

 spherical, with bony seeds (Crataegus) Hawthorn. 



B. Leaves one-sided (one side of leaf shorter at base than the other side). 



(1) Leaves large, oval, 5 to 10 inches long, heart-shaped. Fruit, a 



cluster of small, woody balls 3^ to }/£ inch in diameter, hanging 

 from a narrow, leaflike blade (Tilia) Basswood. 



(2) Leaves 3-veined at base, with long, tapering points, which gen- 



erally turn to one side; edges smooth, or with small teeth of 

 uniform size. Fruit, a small berry about }/i inch in diameter. 



(Celtis) Hackberry. 



(3) Leaves with straight lateral veins, oval; edges double toothed (little 



teeth on the larger ones) . Fruit in clusters, dry, flat, with papery 

 wings all around the seeds___ (Ulmus) Elm. 



C. Leaves even sided (both sides of leaf the same length). 



(1) Leaves oval, evergreen, thick, with short needlelike teeth. Fruit, 



a bright red berry (Ilex) Holly. 



(2) Leaves more or less elongated, deciduous, with one tooth at the end 



of each side vein. 



(a) Trees with smooth, bluish-gray bark, and long, pointed, 

 chestnut-brown buds. Fruit, a small, three-cornered nut, 

 in a spiny husk which splits open at the top into three 

 parts (Fagus) Beech. 



(6) Trees with ridged, grayish -brown bark. Fruit, large, 

 spherical, covered with dense, needlelike spines; splits 

 open from the top into 3 or 4 divisions, and containing 

 several thin-shelled, chestnut-brown nuts. 



(Castanea) Chestnut. 



(3) Leaves very narrow, long, pointed, finely toothed. Small branches 



slender, usually tough. Fruit, a long cluster of little pods filled 

 with " cotton " (seeds) (Salix) Willow. 



(4) Leaves somewhat triangular in outline, broad at base, pointed, 



toothed. Buds of some species coated with aromatic gum. 

 Branches coarse. Fruit, a long cluster of little pods filled with 

 "cotton" (seeds) (Populus) Poplar. 



