FORESTRY LESSONS ON HOME WOODLANDS 17 



Illustrative material. — Procure pictures showing different methods 

 of planting seedlings for a farm forest or woodland. 



Study the habits of growth of young trees of the community. Col- 

 lect pictures of important local trees and specimens of leaves, fruit, 

 and bark, and keep available for class use. 



Guides to study. — Starting a young forest by direct seeding or 

 by transplanting nursery-grown seedlings. Sowing the seed direct 

 where the trees are wanted. Kinds of trees started this way: 

 Usually the species difficult to transplant on account of large, deep 

 taproots, such as hickories, walnuts, some of the oaks, longleaf and 

 some other pines. Collecting the seed. Storing the seed over winter. 

 Sections of the country (North) where seed sowing is best done in 

 the spring and (South) where it may be done in the fall or early 

 winter. Preparation of the soil and method of planting seed of dif- 

 ferent kinds. Care of growing seedlings. 



Planting seedlings grown in nursery beds. (Fig. 12.) Prepara- 

 tion of nursery beds and sowing of seeds. Kinds of trees commonly 

 raised in nursery beds. Age of seedlings fit for planting. Need for 

 transplanting seedlings in nursery prior to planting out in the woods 

 or fields. Season of year for successful planting and method of 

 planting. Sources of injury or loss and means of combating. 



Regions where forest plantations are needed and commonly started. 

 Purposes for which plantations are set out. Kinds of trees profit- 

 able in plantations. Pure and mixed plantations, and advantages of 

 each. 



Planting steep slopes and eroding soils with forest trees to check 

 soil wastage and land destruction. Kinds of trees suitable for taking 

 hold quickly and multiplying on such dry banks. 



Filling up large opening in the woods and improving existing 

 woodlands by planting desirable species of trees. 



Utilizing poor soils and so-called waste places about the farm by 

 planting quick-growing, useful kinds of trees : Black locust for fence 

 posts, pine and other species for use as treated fence posts. 



Trees about the farm and farmstead for shade, nut production, 

 and ornamental purposes. 



Practical exercises. — Visit if possible, a near-by section where 

 forest trees are being planted. Talk with local farmers or foresters 

 as to the best methods to use in caring for young forests. Make a 

 list of the kind of forest trees observed on the field trip, and classify 

 the trees in order of their commercial importance. Learn to identify 

 different local trees. 



Topic VII. PROTECTING WOODLANDS 



Aim. — To teach how to determine causes and extent of injury to 

 trees and methods of prevention. 



Sources of information.— Farmers' Bulletins 173, 1117, 1169, 1177, 

 and 1188; Forestry Bulletin 117; Miscellaneous Circular 79; State 

 publications. The United States Department of Agriculture and 

 the State agricultural colleges will be glad to render assistance by 

 identifying and furnishing information concerning various forest 

 insects and plants. 

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