FORESTRY LESSONS ON" HOME WOODLANDS 



27 



logs and cordwood and estimate the amount of lumber or cordwood 

 in trees. 



Topic XI. USING FARM TIMBER 



Aim, — To teach how to make the best use of farm timber. 



Sources of information. — Farmers' Bulletins 622, 744, 1071, 1117, 

 1177, and 1210; leaflet 29; Department Bulletins 683, 718, 753, 

 884, 909, and 1007; Department Circular 64; publications of State 

 foresters and colleges of agriculture. 



Figure 17. — Estimating the saw timber in a tree by the use of a tree scale, or 

 cruiser's stick. A, if the stick is held horizontally against the trunk of the tree at 

 a specified distance from the eye, the observer is able to read directly the diameter 

 of the tree outside the bark. The standard is called the " breast-high. " diameter, and 

 is taken at a height of 4% feet above the average level of the ground. B, the 

 stick is graduated so that, when held a specified distance from the eye of the 

 observer who stands a specified distance from the tree, the observer can' read the 

 number of 16-foot-log lengths of the tree. The principle is that of two similar 

 triangles 



Illustrative material. — Again a field trip will furnish the best illus- 

 trative material for this lesson. Note the height of the stumps 

 where timber has been cut, the careless felling of trees causing the 

 injuring of young trees, the tops and large limbs left in the forest. 

 In the absence of field trip, pictures may be shown illustrating the 

 points mentioned above. 



Guides to study. — The right using of timber on the farm should 

 begin at the time the tree is cut. Waste of good timber in the woods 

 is altogether too common nowadays, when wood is high priced and 

 getting scarcer. 



High stumps mean usually that the best quality of the timber in 

 the tree is wasted. Often the value of the timber left in high stumps 



