FORESTRY LESSONS ON HOME WOODLANDS 29 



Correlations. — Language : Make a written or an oral report on the 

 methods of cutting and handling timber on the farm, with especial 

 reference to disposing of waste timber. Write a short account of 

 the best methods used in the preservation of timber used in posts, 

 railroad ties, and other lumber. 



Arithmetic : Measure the height of stumps in a cut-over piece of 

 timber and calculate the amount of lumber wasted. If one hundred 

 7-foot black walnut fence posts averaging 5 inches square in size can 

 be replaced by 100 locust or red cedar posts of the same size, calcu- 

 late, on the basis of local prices, the amount saved by the substitution. 

 If creosoting a softwood post costs 15 cents each for treating but will 

 make it last three times as long as one not treated, assuming average 

 present local prices for labor in replacements and cost of untreated 

 posts, what will be saved in 20 years in fencing a quarter section of 

 land with posts spaced 12 feet apart? 



Topic XII. MARKETING TIMBER 



Ami. — To teach where and how to market farm timber. 



Sources of information— -F armers' Bulletins 1100, 1210, and 1459; 

 Department Bulletins 683, 884, 909, and 1007; Leaflet 29; Yearbook 

 Separate 856 ; bulletins of the State colleges of agriculture and State 

 foresters. 



Illustrative material. — Timber price lists. Addresses of firms deal- 

 ing in timber. Local prices for cordwood, posts, crossties, and piling. 



Guides to study. — Finding the best markets : Before timber is cut 

 its approximate size and amount by species, and its disposal should 

 be determined as definitely as possible. How to find buyers of cut- 

 timber products. How are logs, bolts or billets, piling, posts, cross- 

 ties, and firewood generally sold? Advertising in the newspapers, 

 consulting neighbors who have recently sold timber, consulting State 

 foresters and reliable experienced men. 



The owner protecting himself by a simple form of written con- 

 tract : Much loss comes to sellers of timber products by failure to 

 observe this precaution and to have the agreement in proper written 

 form. 



Selling timber standing : Selling for a stated sum by the acre, or 

 a lump sum for the whole tract or " boundary." 



What to sell and what timber to keep growing in the woods; 

 what timber to sell and what to use at home. Choice logs of certain 

 woods bring high prices and can be profitably shipped long distances 

 by rail or water. (Figs. 19 and 20.) 



Cooperative marketing of farm timber : Carload lots of logs, etc., 

 the least amount that can profitably be shipped. Many wood 

 manufacturing concerns buy direct from producers in carload lots. 

 A farmer may not have sufficient white-oak saw logs or hickory spoke 

 blocks to pay to ship. 



Practical exercises. — What timber is being sold in the district? 

 Who is buying it ? To what place is it being shipped ? What stand- 

 ing timber is sold in the district? What cooperative shipping of 

 timber do jovl find? Visit a wood yard and note methods of hand- 

 ling the wood and get prices per cord on the different sizes of wood. 



Correlations. — Abundant exercises in arithmetic will be suggested 

 by the prices of timber and amounts sold. If a price list of timber 



