FORESTRY LESSONS ON" HOME WOODLANDS 37 



C. Leaves even sided— Continued. 



(5) Leaves oval, pointed, with sawlike teeth. 



(a) Fruit a tiny scaly cone. 



(x) Bark of trunk and branches peeling off in thin 

 papery sheets. Leaves double toothed (little 

 teeth on the larger ones.) Fruit ("cones") 

 borne singly, pendulous, scaly, falling apart 

 when ripe, seeds with gauzelike wings on two 

 sides (Betula) Birch. 



(I/) Bark smooth or broken, but not peeling. Leaves 

 with small teeth. " Cones " several in a cluster 

 en stiff, upright stems, hard, woody, not falling 

 apart ; seed with narrow wings on two sides. 



(Alnus) Alder. 



( b ) Fruit, a berry ; fleshy, edible. 



(x) Leaves large, 3-veined at base, often irregularly, 

 deeply lobed ; containing milky juice. Fruit 

 similar in appearance to a blackberry. 



( Morus ) Mulberry. 



{y) Leaves small or medium sized, feather-veined; 



containing green juice; fruit (cherry or plum) 



with one hard-shelled, flattened or spherical seed. 



(i) Seed ("stone") flattened. Fruit large 



and short-stemmed (Primus) Plum. 



(ii) Seed spherical. Fruit small and long- 

 stemmed (Prunus) Cherry. 



777. Leaves simple, alternate, regularly or irregularly lobed, edge neither 



toothed nor notched 



A. Leaves with deep lobes. 



(1) Leaves with blunt ends (appearing as if cut off), and with two, 



pointed, side lobes. Flowers tuliplike. Fruit conelike, pointed, 

 upright, composed of long, thin, overlapping, winged seeds. 

 Braised twigs have a peppery odor (Liriodendron) Tulip Poplar. 



(2) Leaves with rounded ends; oval, often with a lobe on one side, 



making the leaf mitten-shaped, or sometimes with a lobe on each 

 side. Bruised twigs and inner bark of trunk sweet-smelling. 



( Sassafras ) Sassafras. 



B. Leaves without lobes. 



(1) Bruised twigs with peppery odor. 



(a) Leaves oval (evergreen in one species) or elongated, 

 pointed, large. Flowers large, at ends of branches. 

 Fruit conelike, with a bright red seed in each division. 



(Magnolia) Magnolia. 



(2) Bruised twigs without peppery odor. 



(a) Leaves broader at top than at the base, 8 to 12 inches 



long, with very short leafstalk. Fruit fleshy, edible, 

 elongated, 3 to 4 inches long, with thick, yellowish, 

 smooth skin when ripe, and large, bony, flat seeds. 

 Buds brown and hairy (Asimina) Papaw. 



(b) Leaves broadest at middle, oval, 3 to 10 inches long. 



(x) Fruit short-stalked, spherical, 1 to iy 2 inches in 

 diameter ; when ripe pale orange color, sur- 

 rounded at base with old flower-cup; very 

 bitter, but edible after frost. 



(Diospyros) Persimmon. 



(y) Fruit long-stalked, elongated or spherical, solitary 

 or in pairs, with thin flesh and a ridged stone 

 or seed (Nyssa) Gum or Tupelo. 



(c) Leaves rounded or heart-shaped, 3 to 5 inches across. 



Flowers pealike, pink, appearing before the leaves. 

 Fruit, a dry flat pod, 2y 2 to 3% inches long; in dense 

 clusters on sides of branches ; seeds, hard, small, oblong, 

 % inch long (Cercis) Redbud. 



(3) Bruised or cut twigs and leaves with milky juice. 



(a) Leaves with narrow points. Twigs bearing thorns. Fruit 

 large, orangelike, with smooth, uneven surface, 4 to 6 

 inches in diameter (Toxylon) Osage orange. 



