EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF GRAZJNG. 







during 1918 and 1919. The grazing starts each season, so that a divi- 

 sion which for two years has been deferred until the fall before graz- 

 ing is not grazed first but sec- 

 ond. This is done to allow any 

 seedlings that might start from 

 the second year's seeding a 

 chance to become more firmly 

 established before the division 

 is grazed. This is the reason 

 that the cycle as outlined in 

 Figure 2, section 1, is not ready 

 to repeat directly in 1924. 



The details of the system 

 of deferred and rotation graz- 

 ing are more fully discussed 

 in other publications of the 

 United States Department of 

 Agriculture. 9 



The grazing periods at 

 Mandan have been as follows : 

 Spring, from May 15 or June 

 1 to July 1 or July 15; sum- 

 mer, July 1 or July 15 to 

 September 1 or September 15 ; 

 fall, from September 1 or 

 September 15 to October 15 

 or November 1. These peri- 

 ods of grazing fit the require- 

 ments of the vegetation in a 

 very satisfactory manner. In 

 the spring the vegetation has 

 made a good growth by May 

 15 or June 1 and makes rapid 

 growth during the grazing 

 period, so that the cattle ob- 

 tain plenty of feed. In the 

 » summer period there is still 

 some growth taking place, 

 and a few species have ma- 

 tured. By the time the fall 

 period is reached all the valu- 

 able species in the division 

 unpasturecl to this time have 

 matured their seeds and are 

 ready for harvest. The three 

 Artemisias, however, have not 

 matured their seeds by this 

 time, but these plants are 

 weeds, and their propagation 

 is undesirable. During the 

 years the rotation pasture has 



Fig. 2. — Diagram showing the order of grazing 

 the three divisions of the deferred and rota- 

 tion pasture for a complete cycle and the 

 first season of the next. Columns A, B, and 

 C represent the three divisions of the pas- 

 ture. Each year is separated into three 

 periods indicative of spring (Sp), summer 

 (S), and fall (F) grazing periods. Grazing 

 periods are shaded, rest periods unshaded. 

 The first part of the diagram designated as 

 section 1 illustrates the plan being fol- 

 lowed ; section 2 represents a more uniform 

 plan that has been worked out. These sec- 

 tions differ in the order of the rotation. 

 In section 1 the order of fall grazing is 

 C, B, A and in section 2 G, A, B. 



9 Jardine. James T. Improvement and management of native pastures in the West. 

 In Yearbook, U. S. Dept. Agr., 1915, pp. 299-310, pis. 69-72. 1916. 



and Anderson, Mark. Range management on the national forests. U. S. 



Dept. Agr. Bui. 790, 98 pp., 4 figs.,. 32 pis. 1919. 



47006—23- 



