WIREWORMS ATTACKING CEREAL AND FORAGE CROPS. 25 
related to these insects and the larve are so very wireworm-like 
that they can be treated, from an economic standpoint, as wireworms. 
The beetle is about three-fourths of an inch long, rather slender, with 
very prominent scythe-like jaws; the color is brown. The wireworm 
is cylindrical. The first jot of the body is very large and extends 
forward under the head, so that the head is partly inserted within it; 
the last joint is long and thimble-shaped. The wireworm when full 
grown measures 1} inches in length and is nearly an eighth of an inch 
thick. The color is reddish brown. 
The genus is recorded by Schiodte* as living in moist earth in 
Europe. In the bureau files is a note® by C. V. Riley which records 
the finding of a pupa at 
the roots of a grapevine in 
July, 1874. No locality ac- 
companies the note, which 
is with other notes made at 
St. Louis, Mo. On July 11 
an adult emerged. In the 
same files another note® 
records this wireworm as 
injuring peach and other 
deciduous tree roots near 
Fairmont, Cal. In April, 
Pot vir. GG... Ainslic 
sent a larva of this species 
to the writer, stating that 
he found it feeding on oat 
plants near Jackson, Miss. 
He sent two other larve of 
this insect to the writer 
from Orlando, Fla., where 
they were found in black, 
sandy soil. 
Another interesting record of a wireworm (Ludius hepaticus 
Germ.) of decidedly minor importance is found in the bureau files.* 
Four larve of this species were found attacking cruciferous plants 
at Georgiana, Fla. Our only other record of this genus is one in » 
which adults were actually reared from larve of Ludius attenuatus 
(Say) found in rotten wood; these larvee were predaceous. 
Fic. 7.—VThe collared wireworm (Cebrio bicolor) : 
a, Larva; b, beetle. Enlarged. (Original. 
NATURAL ENEMIES. 
Probably the most important factor in keeping wireworms in 
check are the birds. The following list of birds known, by examina- 
+ Schiddte, J. C. De metamorphosi eleutheratorum observationes, pt. 5, p. 530, 1871. 
2U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Mem. VII, No. 350X, July 11, 1874. 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Notes, v. 5, No. 3681, June 24, 1885. 
*U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Notes, v. 4, No. 3570, Feb. 23, 1882. 
