14 BULLETIN 156, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
In the spring of 1910 a large number of these larve were col- 
lected in the wheat fields at Govan and Wilbur, in Washington State, 
and confined in a root cage made by sinking a molasses barrel to the 
level of the earth surface in a field at Govan and closing the top with 
a short cylinder of sheet iron covered with wire gauze. The barrel 
was filled with earth and wheat planted therein. The larve could 
easily be separated into three distinct groups, according to size, 
which indicated a 3 years’ hfe cycle.: Later cbservations on the mate- 
rial in the rearing cage proved this to be actually the case. 
Two lots of larve were confined in this cage—one on April 14 
and the other on April 30, 1910, so that all must have hatched from 
egos laid in 1909 or previous to that year. On June 21 the cage was 
examined and a number of the larve were found to be at from 4 to 
8 inches below the surface, resting quietly in oval cells. They were 
very fat at this time. The cage was not examined again until No- 
vember 4, and at this time 3 adults, evidently of the 1907 genera- 
tion, were found at about the same depth as the larve observed in 
June. They were still in the pupal cells, as was evident from the 
last larval skins and the pupal skins found with them. The fol- 
lowing spring (1911) the cage was examined on March 29. Several 
larve were found at this time. They were now moving actively 
about in the soil and almost immediately attacked some seed wheat 
sown in the cage on this date. An adult still in the pupal cell was 
also found at this time. The cage was next examined on July 4, 
at which time an adult was found on the surface of the ground. 
Several full-grown larve were also found on this date in their cells 
at the usual depth of from 4 to 8 inches below the surface. These 
were evidently the larve hatched from eggs laid in 1908. On Au- 
eust 17 the cage was examined and at about 5 inches below the sur- 
face a pupa and an adult were found. The latter had evidently 
just transformed, as it had not yet become quite black and was still 
very soft. The following day the cage was entirely emptied and at 
between 18 and 20 inches below the surface 10 larve and an adult 
were found in soil that was very hard, and very slightly moistened, 
in fact merely moist enough to prevent its being absolutely dry. 
The larvee seemed to be full grown and had evidently just completed 
a molt, as they were quite soft. These were evidently of the 1909 
generation. | 
REMEDIAL MEASURES. ~ 
As will be seen from the life histories of these two species, the 
generations about to become adult are inactive larve from June 
to August and very delicate pup during the early part of the 
latter month. These resting larve and pupe are usually at a 
depth of from 4 to 8 inches below the surface, and any disturb- 
