NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 167 



Persoon, in his Synopsis Plantarum, designates, besides those enumerated by Mi- 

 chaux, 



Aquatica, ") varieties, the first growing in Jamaica, under water, and the latter, in the 



Pakistris, 3 waters of North America. 



And Terrestris — on dry land. 



Muhlenberg, in his Catalogue of the Native aud Naturalized Plants of North America, 

 enumerates four species of zizania, or American rice. 



1. Miliacea — millet. 



2. Clavulosa — an annual plant, vulgarly called wild rice, or oats, grows in Pennsylvania, 

 flowers in September. 



3. Palustris— marsh ; risave — Canada. 

 5. Fluitans — floating. 



Dr. Barton considers the zizania clavulosa of Michaux, as the zizania aquatica of Lin- 

 naeus, and says, that it grows and ripens its seed as far north in America, as the latitude of 

 50 degrees ; and that the zizania milacea of Michaux, is a very distinct species, and that 

 both of the species are eaten by the Indians of the countries adjacent to the lakes. 

 Amidst such a number of clashing authorities, it would not become me to offer an opinion. 

 It is possible, however, that the zizania of Lake Champlain, is only a variety of the folle 

 avoine ; and it is, probably, a distinct species from the zizania of Pennsylvania. Provi- 

 dence appears to have intended this northern rice as a substitute for the rice of 

 southern climates. Its produce is abundant ; its alimentary qualities are undoubted ; and 

 the time may arrive, when the zizania aquatica of the north shall, under the hand of cul- 

 tivation, attain to as high perfection, and contribute as much to the subsistence of the 

 human race, as the oryza sativa of the south. 



NOTE II. 



In strictness there are but two species of wheat — with beards, and without beards. 

 Winter, summer, gray, duckbill, gray pollard or fuller wheat, cone wheat, Polonian wheat, 

 Siberian spring wheat, Switzerland spring wheat, ^Egyptian bearded wheat, Murwaary 

 wheat, brought from Barbary, German spelter, Zeeland wheat, and froment tremais, so 

 called because it is only three months in the earth, all varieties of one or the other of 

 these species, have been in a greater or leas degree cultivated in England, and each has 



