THE ROUGH-HEADED CORN STALK-BEETLE 31 
immediately behind the head. The few specimens observed by the 
junior writer in tin salve boxes failed to give up adults. In the 
field, however, he has found on several occasions the cocoons of what 
he is inclined to think is the same form. These resemble in general 
the cocoons of Tiphia and, lke the latter, are characterized by having 
the head shield of the host attached at one end. In a number of 
cases the head shield of /. rugiceps has been found attached to these 
cocoons, but adults were not reared from them. 
All stages of EL’. rugiceps, but more especially the larva and pupa, 
are subject to infection by a fungus, specimens of which were identi- 
fied by Dr. A. T. Speare, formerly of the Bureau of Entomology, as 
Metarhizium anisopliae. 
CONTROL MEASURES 
As has been shown, Huetheola rugiceps breeds mainly in low, 
moist, poorly drained areas that have been allowed to remain as 
waste or pasture lands for a considerable period of time. In fact 
under normal conditions these are apparently the only places where 
the pest breeds in sufficient numbers to constitute a menace to corn- 
fields. Land that is kept in a high state of cultivation, with fre- 
quent and systematic rotation of crops, furnishes an unfavorable 
breeding ground for this beetle. Very few beetles reach maturity in 
cultivated fields; occasionally quite a number may be found breeding 
in temporary pastures or hay fields. The numbers of beetles develop- 
ing in such places, however, are insignificant compared with those 
breeding in the normal habitat of the species. 
ELIMINATION OF WASTE LANDS AND OLD PASTURES 
Knowing these facts, by far the most important means of control 
naturally suggests itself, namely, the elimination of all old waste 
and pasture lands. All such lands should be thor oughly drained and 
included in the regular system of rotation practiced for the re- 
mainder of the farm. If it seems most desirable to retain these 
lands for pasture, they should be broken up and reseeded every few 
years. This would be advisable if only as a matter of good farming, 
since in localities troubled with this pest pastures will become over- 
grown with weeds of many kinds in a few years at the expense of 
the more valuable grasses. The practices suggested will not only 
destroy the chief breeding grounds of the pest, but will make these 
lowlands more productive and profitable. 
Such pasture lands when broken up should not be planted to 
corn the first year. As no other cultivated crop is injured by 
Euetheola rugiceps, some other crop can be substituted. The fol- 
lowing year corn may be planted, as there is but a single generation 
of the beetles a year. 
PASTURING WITH HOGS 
When old waste or pasture lands can not be drained conveniently 
and included in the rotation, the probability of injury resulting from 
the presence of these breeding grounds may be eliminated largely 
by pasturing hogs on such land « every year, at least during Aucust 
and September. The hogs will root out the grubs industriously. 
