OPERATING COSTS OF A NEW YORK APPLE ORCHARD. 



must be remembered that these records cover expense items only dur- 

 ing two years of the life of the orchard and do not show the full 

 cost of apple production, even in a region of high potential possi- 

 bilities for this industry. 



The farm under consideration is situated in the northeastern part 

 of Orleans County, 1 mile south of Lake Ontario and 1^ miles from 

 the shipping point. 



The farm, a diagram of which is shown as figure 1, consists of 122.3 

 acres of tillable land, well drained. The soil varies from a medium 

 clay loam to a stiff clay. Of this 122.3 acres, 39 acres, or approxi- 

 mately 37 per cent of the crop area, are in fruit. 



Table I shows the relation of the fruit and general crops on the 

 farm as a unit. 



Table I. — Summary of crop areas on the Wellman farm for 1911 and 1912. 



Crops. 



Proportion of 



crop area in— 



1911 



1912 



1911 



1912 



Orchard fruits: 



Apples in bearing 



Peaches in bearing 



Pears in bearing 



Acres. 



14.74 



7.85 



3.95 



.80 



Acres. 



14.74 



7.85 



3.95 



.80 



Per cent. 



14.1 



7.5 



3.8 



Per cent. 

 14.1 



7.5 

 3.8 









27.34 



27.34 



26.1 



26.1 







Apples and peaches, nonbearing 



Apples, nonbearing 



Quinces, nonbearing 



9.92 

 1.26 

 4.70 



9.92 

 1.26 



9.5 



1.2 

 4.5 



9.5 

 1.2 









15.88 



11.18 



15.2 



10.7 







Total fruit 



43.22 



38.52 



41.3 



36.8 







General farm crops: 



11.01 



18.04 

 19.00 



4.70 

 .80 



7.90 



17.28 

 18 95 

 18.98 



4.67 

 .83 



5.47 



10.5 

 17.3 

 18.1 



4.5 

 .8 



7.5 



16.6 



"Wheat 



18.0 



Hay 



18.1 



Corn 



4.5 



Potatoes 



Oats ... 



.8 

 5.2 









61.45 



66.18 



58.7 



63.2 







Recapitulation: 



43.22 

 61.45 



38.52 

 66.18 



41.3 



58.7 



36.8 





63.2 







Total 



104.67 

 17.63 



104. 70 

 17.60 



100 



100 















122. 30 



122. 30 













MANAGEMENT OF THE FARM. 



The farm studied is a typical western New York farm on which 

 fruit is the foremost of the enterprises. Of the total area, 50 per 

 cent is devoted to general farm crops other than fruit. It is the plan 

 to raise enough hay, oats, and corn for feed. Potatoes are raised 

 only for home use. Besides fruit, wheat and beans are the cash 

 crops. Each year 20 or 30 sheep are kept and pastured during the 

 summer. Lambs are raised and fattened during the early spring 



