4 BULLETIN 130, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



months. Six horses are kept for work and one for family use. One or 

 two colts are raised each year. 



The organization of any farm of this type will have more or less 

 bearing on the method of management of the orchard and will there- 

 fore have its influence on the cost of producing fruit. There will be 

 more or less variation, whether it is a general farm with fruit as one 

 of the enterprises or a specialized fruit farm. 



The apple orchard, consisting of 14.74 acres, is situated in the 

 northwestern part of the farm. There are 527 trees of bearing age, 



Fig. 2.— View in the Wellman orchard, showing the size and shape of the trees. 



45 to 65 years old, consisting mainly of Baldwins and Rhode Island 

 Greenings. 



The soil here is a medium clay loam about 10 inches deep, with a 

 subsoil of heavy clay. The orchard has a slight northerly slope, and 

 the drainage is good. 



HISTORY OF THE ORCHARD. 



In 1864, at the time Mr. I. E. Wellman took possession of the farm, 

 there were 100 Baldwin trees about 20 years old. In 1866, 150 Bald- 

 win and Fall Pippin trees were set out, and in 1871 the remainder of 

 the orchard was set to Baldwin and Rhode Island Greening trees. 

 These trees were set 33 by 33 feet on the square. The orchard as it 

 now appears is shown in figure 2. 



