LOGGING PRACTICE IN THE LAKE STATES 63 
SWAMP FORESTS 
First essential reforestation measures Forest management 
Fire pro- State-wide fire protection without need ofsup- State-wide fire protection without need of 
tection. plemental protection by owner. supplemental protection by owner. 
Slash dis- No slash disposal except along railroads, log- No slash disposal, except along railroads, 
posal. ging roads, etc. logging roads, ete. 
Methodsof No change in present logging practice_________ Partial cutting, removing not over 50 per 
cutting. cent of merchantable stand. In dense 
black-spruce stands of different sizes, par- 
tial cutting; in spruce stands of uniform 
size with fair reproduction, clear cutting, 
or clear cutting in alternating strips 150 to 
200 feet in width. Clear cutting with 
subsequent planting not recommended, 
unless swamps superficially drained. 
Drainage of forested swamps to improve 
growth may be economically justifiable 
in near future. 
Wield 22522 About 12 cords of spruce pulpwood per acre . Spruce in 80 years, 7,000 board feet of saw-log 
within 80 years. material and in addition 20 cords of pulp- 
wood per acre. 
Costsaee ees No expense beyond usual annual taxes and For partial cutting, in addition to taxes and 
interest on land. interest on land, carrying charges on por- 
tion of stumpage left on the ground; and 
under intensive forest management, cost 
of improving soil conditions in swamp. 
