46 T. W. E. DAVID. 
character of these strata and the sequence and thickness of the . 
remaining coal-seams is shown on Plate 3.1 The strata are chiefly 
composed of clay-shales and soft sandstones with occasional bands 
of chert, they constitute the lower portions of the cliffs, and occupy 
considerable areas in the sides and bottoms of the valleys in the 
western portions of the Blue Mountains. The uppermost seam, 
formerly worked at Katoomba, is probably identical with the 
Bulli Coal seam in the Illawarra Coal-field and with the Wallarah 
seam in the Newcastle series of the Hunter River Coalfield. 
Glossopteris, Gangamopteris, Vertebraria, and Brachyphyllum 
neue in the flora. 
Traced eastwards th f coal dip at the rate of about ninety 
feet per mile until they disappear at the bottoms of the valleys 
near the longitude of Lawson, and become covered by the lowest 
rocks of the overlying series, the Narrabeen beds, the inclination 
of the beds of the rivers in this portion of the Blue Mountains 
being less rapid than that of the strata, and in the same direction. 
The only spot where the coal is visible still further east, near the 
latitude of the western railway, in the Blue Mountains proper, is, 
as far as I am aware, at Euroka Farm about ten miles south of 
Penrith, on the left bank of the Nepean River. At that locality, 
however, the coal has probably been forced up from a depth of 
over a thousand feet by the eruptive mass to which it is clinging, 
as will be described later on. Fragments of bright unaltered coal 
are also abundant in the Great Volcanic Pipe known as ‘“ The 
Valley,” near Valley Heights, Springwood. The coal seams 
deteriorate somewhat in the direction of Woodford, ’as proved by 
the Woodford diamond drill bores, sections of which are shown on 
Plate 3. These are the furthest bores to the east in the Blue 
Mountains, in which the coal-measures have been proved. Two 
bores have been made respectively at Breakfast Creek, fourteen 
miles, and at Euroka Creek, ten miles southerly from Penrith. 
1 See also “Mineral Products, etc., and Description of the Seams of 
Coal Worked in New South Wales,” by John Mackenzie, pls. 20 and 22, 
By Authority, Sydney, 1887. 
