120 T; P. ANDERSON STUART. 
cwere first performed to give relief in cases of inflammation of the 
urethra, and that this rude surgery gradually became a custom.” 
He argues, from the occurrence of hypospadias and the mode of 
development of the urethra, the comparative morphology and 
analogy of the organs, and from the fact that so little spermatic 
fluid is required to impregnate, that the operation is not really 
effective and is not really practised for the purpose of limiting 
reproduction. 
Miklouho-Maclay! says that his correspondent, Herr Rotsh, 
told him that on the Herbert River the aborigines told him it was 
in order not to have too many children, and this is supported by 
another custom there, the pulling out of the nipples of young 
women. Sometimes the nipples are cut off so that if a child is 
born it shall not be suckled and will die, for they have none of 
the artificial means of feeding infants that we have. 
The subject of my photograph was from the spinifex district of 
North Australia. I show you whole length photographs of him, - 
that prove him to be a strong well-made, lusty fellow. The great 
-euts on the outer sides of the thighs and the tatooing of the 
abdomen, breast, shoulders and arms prove him to be one of a 
very savage and barbarous tribe. He was a difficult subject, and 
I was obliged to have two photographs of his genitalia made in 
order to show the condition fully. It is seen that we have here 
the result of the operation in its fullest extent, the cleft extending 
right up to the front of the base of the scrotum, where the round 
opening seen is that of the urethra. The urethra in front of this 
is widely opened, and it is not even a groove, for the corpora 
cavernosa project so that instead of being concave the urethral 
roof is actually convex. In the photograph, where the man him- 
self is holding the organ, it is seen that the skin edges are pulled 
away to the side and the urethral surface is thus enormously 
extended : in the other photograph, where I am holding the orga? 
in a suitable position to show the glans, the wrinkling of the 
urethral mucosa, due to its being so extended, is clearly seen. 
1 Zeitschrift fiir Ethnologie, Bd. xrv., 1882, p. 27. 
