162 R. ETHERIDGE, T. W. E. DAVID, AND J. W. GRIMSHAW. 
(2) Elevation of Coast (or negative movement of ocean).— 
References to papers on the above subject have already been given 
by two of the authors elsewhere.’ A brief summary will here 
suffice. Reference has already been made to the supposed raised 
beaches of the Illawarra District of New South Wales, noticed 
by Professor Dana during the United States Exploring Expedition 
under Commodore ©. Wilkes, U.S.N., 1838 — 42. 
In 1846, Captain Stokes quoted evidence of elevation near 
Cape Upstart, in the following words?:—“1 will, myself, here 
adduce what may be deemed an important fact; and which, 
if allowed its due weight, will go far to weaken the arguments 
brought forward in favour of subsidence of the north-east coast 
of Australia. I found a flat nearly a quarter of a mile broad, in 
a great sheltered cove, within the Cape, thickly strewn with dead 
coral and shells, forming, in fact, a perfect bed of them—a raised 
beach of twelve feet above high water mark. . oo, ieee 
been on the seaward side of the Cape, I might hsv been readier 
to imagine that it could have been thrown up by the sea in its 
ordinary action, or when suddenly disturbed by an earthquake 
wave, but as the contrary is the case, it seemed impossible to come 
to any other conclusion than that an upheaval had taken place.” 
In 1847, Professor J. B. Jukes described small sandy flats of 
-coral conglomerate, never extending more than fifteen feet above’ 
high water mark, at intervals along the north-east coast of 
Australia.® 
In 1859, Mr. Ludwig Becker adduced evidence to show a rising 
of the shores of Hobson’s Bay, Port Phillip, as shown by the 
readings taken by Mr. R. L. J. Ellery on the tide gauge ab 
Williamstown near Melbourne.t Mr. Becker estimated the rise 
of the coast near Melbourne at four inches a year. 
Oe 
Rec. Geol. Sur. N. S. Wales, Vol. 11., pt. i., 1890.—Raised Beaches of 
the — iver Delta. By T. W. Hapeworth David and R. Etheridge 
_Junr.. pp. 37 - 52, pl. 3. By sree Sydney. 
2 Discov ores in Australi 1846, 1., 
p- 
3 Narrative of the Secating Voyage of H.M.S. ¢ i Pee 1847, L, p- 58. 
4 Some facts determining the rate Of upheaval of the South Coast of 
‘the Australian Continent.—Trans. Phil. Inst., Viet. 1859, 111., p. 7. 
