OCCURRENCE OF A SUBMERGED FOREST. gee | fs 
have been reduced by as much as one hundred and fifty feet, while 
Mr. R. 8. Woodward! has estimated that gravitation towards the 
ice in the Northern Hemisphere would further depress the ocean 
in the tropics and in the Southern Hemisphere to the amount of 
from twenty-five to seventy-five feet, while it would raise the level 
near the borders of the ice-sheets to counter-balance approximately 
the depression due to the diminution of the ocean’s volume, and 
would lift portions of the North Atlantic and of the Arctic Sea, 
perhaps two or three hundred feet higher than now. 
With regard to (ii.), Suess states that, if Kriimmel’s formule be 
taken for the cubic capacity and depths of the oceans, and that if 
it be assumed that the shores of the ocean were everywhere vertical 
and that the Greek Levantine Sea and the Black Sea did not exist, 
and then the depressions were to be formed in which the Black 
Sea and Greek Levant now lie, there would bea eustatic negative 
movement of the ocean to the amount of four métres. In order, 
therefore to produce a change in level of the sea surface equal to 
that of which we have evidence at Shea’s Creek, it would be 
necessary for a rise to have taken place in the ocean floor sufficient 
to displace more water than now lies in the Black Sea and Greek 
Levant. 
With regard to (iv.) Sedimentation, it would be necessary to 
denude a thickness of ten métres off the whole area of the land, 
and deposit it in the sea in order to produce an elevation in the 
Sea surface of four metres. At the rate of one foot in 50,000 
years, this would occupy a period of 1,637,000 years, a period of 
time vastly in excess of that needed for the production of all the 
Phenomena observed at Shea’s Creek. 
Suess? states that a strong argument against ‘“‘Raised Beaches” 
being attributable to movements of the solid crust of the earth 
rather than to changes in sea-level, is that that they appear to be 
wholly independent of such folding movements as the earth’s crust 
1 United States Geological Survey, Sixth Annual Report pp. 291 — 300, 
and Bulletin No. 48, “On the Form and Position of the Sea-Level.” 
? Das Antlitz der Erde, Suess, Vol. 11., p. 509. 
L—Aug. 5, 1896, 
