PRESENCE OF A TRUE MANNA ON A BLUE GRASS. 303 
plants, e.g., the roots of Aconite, Aconitum napellus, Linn.; Celery, 
Apium graveolens; Mew, Meum athamanticum,; Hemlock-water- 
drop, Hnanthe crocata; Polypodium vulgare; Scorzonera hispanica 
and Triticum repens, and in the root-bark of Tunica granatum. 
Mannite also occurs in the bark of wild cinnamon, Canellia alba, 
Murr. (8%), and of Ash Fraxinus excelsor; in the leaves and young 
twigs of Syringa vulgaris; in the leaves of Ligustrum vulgare 
and of Cocos nucifera, Linn., and in the fruit of Lawrus persea, 
and of Cactus opuntia. Mannite also occurs in Laminaria 
saccharina; in olives, and in several fungi, ¢.g., Lactarius vellereus; 
L. turpis; L. pyrogalus and L. pallidus. Agaricus integer con- - 
tains 20% of its dry substance. It also occurs in the cambium 
layer of conifer (Payen, A. 12,60; Meyer a. Reiche.) 
The official manna is obtained from the dried juice which exudes 
from the Manna Ash (Fraxinus ornus, Linn.), but substances 
that go by the name of manna have been obtained from the follow- 
ing, and have been used at various times for food or medicine :— 
Alhagi camelorum, Fisch., A. maurorum, Desv.; Atraphawis 
spinosa, Linn.; Calotropis gigantea, R.Br.; Cedrus Libani, Barr.; 
Cotoneaster acutifolia, Linn., according to Aitchison ; C. num- 
mularia, F. et M.; Musa superba, Roxb.; Palma, various species ; 
Pinus excelsa, Wall. ; Quercus incana, Roxb.; Rhododendron. 
arboreum, Sm.; Tamarix sp.; Salix sp., according to Stewart ; 
Salsola fetida, Del., according to Stewart and Aitchison ; 
Eucalyptus spp. 
Glyceria fluitans, R.Br., is known in many parts of the world 
as “Manna Grass,” not that manna has been found on it, but that 
the seeds are sweet and used for food. A lichen, Leonora escu- 
- denta, is found in portions of Arabia and there used for food, 
under the name of manna. 
Medical Properties and Uses of Manna.—Manna is a mild 
laxative, It is especially suitable for children and delicate persons, 
and also as an adjunct to more active aperients in order to assist 
their action, and to disguise their disagreeable taste. Manna is 
now far less used in England than formerly. 
