VIII. W. H. WARREN. 
in using nothing but the purest materials available, to the method 
of casting the ingots with a head which is cut off, and the special 
machinery used to finish the axle or tyre which ensures that the 
material is practically homogeneous throughout. 
Herr Friedrich Krupp uses nickel steel for propellor shafts and 
sometimes for crank axles which has a tensile strength and tough- 
ness far above the ordinary Siemens-Martin ‘steel. The Krupp 
Works employs 29,000 men. The large steel castings produced 
at these works are extraordinary, and they have no rival in this 
department. The Dorman Long Works in Middlesborough are 
famous for their rolled girders, which are made of Siemens-Martin 
‘steel. Cochranes Works are noted for the excellence of their pipe 
castings. I visited the Hunt System of coal handling by 
machinery, for unloading vessels and conveying the coal by means 
-of automatic railways to the coal pockets, where it is stored at 4 
cost of about 34; that of the ordinary methods using hand labour. 
BripGe Work. 
“The Americans have distinguished themselves in developing 4 
distinct type of bridge building, and generally their constructive 
work in connection with high buildings is worthy of careful con- 
sideration. The skill which they undoubtedly possess in this class 
of work has been developed in consequence of the existence of 
large rivers necessitating large bridges. In this country we have 
the Hawkesbury Bridge as an example of American design for 
railway bridges, and at Nowra there is an example of a road 
bridge. As illustrating the present practice of bridge building 
in America, I cannot do better than describe a few of the more 
recent bridges built or in course of construction. 
The new bridge over the Allegheny River which connects 
Pittsburg and Allegheny by the main thoroughfare known 4% 
Sixth Street, was designed by Mr. Theodore Cooper, who 1s well 
known to bridge engineers as the author of the concentrated load 
system for the determination of the maximum stresses in railway 
bridges, and also for his complete specifications to govern the 
design of road and railway bridges. The contract for the masonry 
