XIV. W. H. WARREN. 
hydraulic forging of eyebars, boring holes for pins in bridge 
members; large milling machines with circular heads, provided 
with a number of cutters arranged circumferentially. These 
milling machines are used for facing the ends of long struts, and 
compression chord members producing parallel planes. ‘There are 
special machines for milling the ends of angles and tees for 
stiffeners so that they fit into the rounds of the main angles. 
Electric and other cranes are so disposed that they can handle 
rapidly the material used; or the partly finished member, and 
transfer it to the various machines. In the American works they 
generally punch the holes for rivet work, but when these are 
drilled, radial drilling machines are preferred to multiple drilling 
machines. I saw an excellent multiple punching machine in the 
Athens Works with an automatic feed. In Sir Wm. Arvol’s 
Works, Glasgow, the general practice is to drill all holes, except- 
ing in cylinder piers, and they use radial drilling machines for 
this work, but there are in these works some special drilling 
machines of a most interesting character, which were specially 
made for dealing with the Forth bridge work. In the Harkort 
Works, Germany, they punch or drill the holes for bridge work 
according to instructions. | 
In San Francisco I saw a very extensive pile and_ concrete 
foundation in course of construction for the Union Depot Ferry 
House, forming the approach to ferry slips on the water “front. 
_ This piece of concrete, pile and grillage work is probably the 
_ largest in the world of its kind, and involved the use of 30,000 
cubic yards of ete in which 36,000 barrels of cement were 
used ; 3,000 old piles 1 and 5,000 new ones substituted. 
: ‘The piles were of oregon timber 80’ long, and when these were 
_ driven to the proper depth, by means of a steam hammer, they 
* were all-cut off to the necessary level for the grillage upon which 
the concrete piers were built. A circular saw was used for cutting 
off the tops of the piles about 8’ below low water. The saw 
worked in a horizontal plane, and was carried by a frame which 
: oe aving ona vertical axis; the are of the circle described by the - a 
