KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 57. NIO 4. 61 



island surrounded by reefs, and last of all, la Poblada, which lies f urthest' to the east in the direction 

 of New Spain. 1 



Among the voyagers who had visited these islands, Herrera mentions in this con- 

 nection only Alvaro de Saavedra; but from him come only two names, los Reyes and los 

 Jardines (1528); while of the other islands west of the Ladrones los Corales, Matalotes 

 and Arrecifes were named by Villalobos (1543), and San Juan by Espinosa (1522). The 

 islands situated north of the Ladrones, Volcanes and Malpelo (Malabrigo), were dis- 

 covered by Bernardo de la Torre (1543); from him, too, are also taken Dos Hermanas, 

 which are incorrectly placed by Herrera in 10° N. lat. 2 Of the other islands east of the 

 Ladrones San Bartolomé is a discovery of Loaysa (1526); the three reefs with the graphic 

 names "Mind where you're going", "Wake up from your sleep", and "Take care not to 

 slumber", were named by Arellano (1564); and finally we have San Pablo from Legazpi 

 (1565) and la Poblada, which is possibly a perversion of la Ahublada from Villalobos 

 (1542). Of Herrera's names thus remain only two which we are unable to explain, namely 

 Pialogo San Vilan 3 and San Martin. 



South of California 4 Herrera further counts some other islands, amongst which 

 Ahublada reappears under its right name; the others are Santo Tomas, discovered by 

 Grijalva in 1533 and in reality the same as Ahublada, and I sia de Flores of unknown 

 origin, and besides these "another island which is called las Mönjas". The position south 

 of the southern point of California prevents us from identifying the last-named with 

 Hawaii — further on, in my account of the maps, I shall show whence it derives its origin 

 — and in other respects, too, it is plain that Herrera does not know of any land in that 

 part of the Ocean where the Hawaiian group is situated. 



The most decisive testimony, however, we find in Antonio de Morga, whose 

 work has already been cited several times. 



I have paused at the year 1609 because it was in that year that Antonio de Morga 

 published in Mexico his book Sucesos de las Islas Philipinas. Morga had resided in the 

 Philippines for eight years (1595 to 1603) as a member of the Royal Audiencia, he had 

 taken an active part in the government of the islands, and had been a leading personage 

 in their defence against the Dutch corsairs. After his removal to Mexico he had there, 

 too, occupied a prominent post as alcalde del crimen de la Real Audiencia de la Nueva 

 Espaha. Thus both in his official position and as an eye-witness of the events that he 

 relätes, he had had unusually favorable opportunities of procuring complete and trust- 

 worthy information. He had in his own person, moreover, made the voyage between 



1 Ibid., p. 79. 



2 On his map these islands lie in 20°. The mistake seems to have arisen from Herrera's careless omission 

 of a part of the above-named manuscript narrative, where the text runs : "Dos Hermanas que llaman å dos isletas, 

 en viente y cuatro ö viente y cinco grados; y otro, Sant Bernabé, y otra los Martires y Abreojo, un baxo mås 

 de doscientas leguas antes de Los Ladrones, en diez grados" (Col. de doc. ined., XV, p. 539). Thus the latitude 

 of 10° refers to Abreojo, not to Dos Hermanas. 



3 This name, which in the text seems to indicate two separate islands, is on the map only one — 

 Palo Vilan. 



4 "Al sur de la punta de California.*' Ibid., p. 32. 



