130 DAHLGREN, THE DISCOVERY OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



at Tidore, and thence conveyed to Manila: it forms an appendix to a paper by that man 

 dated Rotterdam 28 July 1614, in which amongst other things there is given some of the 

 general information about the voyages summarized above. When it is said that all pilots 

 confirm by oath the statement about the distance from New Spain to the Philippines 

 contained in these Directions, one might suppose that they were valid for the time when 

 they were noted down, i. e. about the year 1600; but that cannot have been the case: the 

 starting-point, La Navidad, and the place of destination, Mindanao, show that they date 

 from an earlier time. 



From the badly distorted proper names it is very evident that the original was 

 Portuguese. I do not know what is to be understood by de Heles; Quarais is manifestly 

 los Reyes; the other names need no explanation. Nor need it be mentioned that the lati- 

 tudes for los Jardines, Matalotes, and Arrecifes are incorrect, probably by a clerical error. 



Låter than the foregoing — possibly from the beginning of the seventeenth century 

 — is an undated manuscript in the British Museum: "Derrotero de las Philippinas desde 

 el Puerto de Acapulco hasta Manila por Bartholomé Alcorrea Piloto" (Add. Ms. 

 17583, fol. 308). When translated, this rims: — 



In order, from the port of Acapulco. which lies in 17° 15' N. lat., and 177° W. long., reckoned 

 from the meridian that passes through the island of Corvo in the Azores, to reach the island of Guana 

 [Guam], which is the southernmost of the Ladrones, the course is set, until one has got down to 14 

 degrees, first SW. about 60 leagues, and then WSW. till one has found the trade- wind [las brisas] 

 prevailing. After that one sails in the said 14 degrees for 1200 leagues, because in that parallel the 

 winds blow continually from N. to NE. and allow the ship to carry all sail, and moreover they are so 

 cool that the men enjoy good health. After covering these 1200 leagues, one has to go down to 13° 30', 

 with a course W ] / 4 SW, to seek the above -mentioned island of Guana. After having sailed from the 

 beginning of the voyage about 1800 leagues, one comes straight upon this island, which, as has been 

 said, is situated in 13° 30' N. lat., and in 180° long. precisely, i. e. in the meridian which is opposite 

 that of the Azores. From the island of Guana to Cape Espiritu »Santo, which is the northernmost and 

 easternmost point of the island of Tandaya [Samar], one has to steer SW. till one has got down to 

 12° 45' N. lat., and after one has made about 280 leagues in this latitude for the rest of the way, one 

 comes 5 or 6 leagues south of the Cape mentioned, which lies in 13° N. lat. precisely. And one must 

 take good care not to sail in a higher latitude, for in that case one may miss the Cape mentioned and 

 come upon the island of Catanduanes and the mouth of Ybalon or some other bad entrance. Cape 

 Espiritu Santo lies in 160° long. E., reckoned, as above said, from the meridian of the Azores. After 

 sailing from this point, at a distance of one league from land, for 18 leagues in a westerly direction, one 

 comes to the Embocadero. 



The account of the remaining part of the route to Punta de Cavite may here be 

 ignored. 



The following account, though it has not the form of a derrotero, deserves a place 

 in this connection, because the course prescribed varies somewhat from that above given. 

 In a work by Bartolomé de Letona 1 one reads as follows: — 



1 1'rologo y descripcion de FUipinas. Puebla de los Angeles 1662; the translation is that of Bl. å l«"i;. 

 XXXVI, pp. 189—190. 



