156 DAHLGREN, THE DISCOVERYT OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



It might strike many people, however, as a far too audacious hypothesis that islands 

 which originally stood for the Ladrones should ha ve so changed their position that they 

 could afterwards be mistaken for the Hawaiian Archipelago — that, in a word, they have 

 wandered across the map for a distance of no less than about 60 degrees of longitude. I 

 shall now endeavour to show, however, that this was the case. 



It is well known that the Dutch cartographer, Petrus Plancius, published at 

 Amsterdam in 1592 a map of the world on a very large scale. Until quite recently no copy 

 of this map was known: for knowledge of it recourse has been had to a description by 

 Thomas Blund e ville 1 and to various information in contemporary documents. 2 The 

 only thing in their statements, however, that is of interest to us is that the map is said to 

 have shown many new discoveries in both the East Indies and the West Indies and in 

 other parts of the world, and also that it was probably founded on a number of charts and 

 sailing directions that Plancius succeeded in acquiring by purchase from the Portuguese 

 cosmographer Bartholomeo Lasso. 3 



A fortunate find has now put us in a position to make acquaintance with this map, 

 so long regarded as löst. A copy of it exists in Colegio del Corpus Gristi at Valencia, and 

 this has been closely examined by Dr. F. C. Wieder. 4 His notes show that the author of 

 the map — who is indisputably Petrus Plancius, though his name does not appear on the 

 Valencia copy — says that he has based his work on Spanish and Portuguese charts, 

 which they used during their voyages to America and India: amongst these is especially 

 named a Portuguese map of the world (Totius Orbis Tabula Marina Castigatissima), and 

 a number of special charts, likewise of Portuguese origin — that is to say, quite certainly 

 the same as we previously knew Plancius to have bought from Bartholomeo Lasso. 



Unfortunately no reproduction of this notable map has yet been published — Dr. 

 Wieder has only given a little sketch of it, on which not even the land contours are marked. 5 

 Thus I have for the present work not been able to make use of the information which could 

 undoubtedly be drawn from the original map of Plancius. But fortunately we are in a 



"the Nuns" (see Meinicke, Die Inseln des Stillen Oceans, II, p. 440, note 11); and in this it seems easy to 

 surmise a sub-form to Los Monges, "the Monks". I cannot aecept this derivation, however, as a support for 

 the opinion ahove expressed. Mängs can be traced back through the intermediate forms Maug (Le Gobien, 

 1700), Mahao (Herrera, 1601), and Mano (Plancius, 1594), to Cabofs Mahaa or Maneo and Espinosa's Mao. 

 The Mängs has thus no conuection with the Spanish name whether that originally meant "Monks" or "Nuns". 

 — According to La Pérouse's description Asuncion might well deserve the appellation of La Desgraciada: 

 "The most lively imagination", he says of it, "could not easily depict a more dreadful spöt" (Voyage, English 

 translation, II, p. 240). Captain F. W. Beechey, on the other hand, says: "Time must have made an agreeable 

 alteratiou in the appearance of this island since it was visited by La Pérouse. Instead of a cone covered 

 with lava and volcanic glass, and presenting the forbidding aspect he describes, we traced vegetation nearly to 

 the summit, and observed woods of palm-trees skirting its base." (Narrativc of a Voyage to the Pacific and 

 Beering's Strait, II, Lond. 1831, p. 438). 



1 Thomas Blundeville his Exercises. 2d edition. Lond. 1597, fol. 251 — 286. 



2 The map, which has the title Nova et exacta Terrarum Orbis tabula geographica uc hydrographica, 

 was dedicated to the Dutch States-General. See J. K. J. de Jonge, De opkomst van de Nederlandsch gezag 

 in Oost-Indie, I, 's-Gravenh. 1862, pp. 92 and 167—169; J. H. Hessels, Ortelii Epistulae, Cantabr. 1887, 

 No. 220; Denucé, Oud-Nederl. kaartmakers, I, pp. 101 and 219. 



3 Concerning Lasso see Sousa Viterbo, Trabalhos nauticos dos Portuguczes nos seculos XVI c XVII, 

 Lisboa 1898, pp. 169 — 171. 



4 Nederlandsche historisch-geographische documenten in Spanje. Uitkomsten van twee maanden onder- 

 zoek door Dr. F. C. Wieder. Leiden 1915, pp. 11 — 13, 159 — 176. 



5 Op. cit., p. 160. 



