158 DAHLGREN, THE DISCOVERY OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



Before we give an account of Plancius' map, it should be mentioned that the maps 

 published by Ortelius do not all represent the Pacific Ocean and its islands in the same 

 way: with the above-named map of Asia agrees that which bears the title Tartarice sive 

 Magni Chami Regni Typus (Fig. 8). We here see, even more distinctly than on the former, 

 how Japan is placed midway between Asia and America, due south of the f abulous Stretto 

 di Anian, which separates the two continents. South of Japan there appear the islands 

 discovered by Bernardo de la Torre with the same names as in the map of Asia; and the 

 islands in each of the two groups are arranged in what is in the main an east-to-west 

 direction. The Ladrones find no place here because the frame of the map cuts the 20th 

 parallel. An appearance which differs from this is exhibited not only by the map of the 

 world (Fig. 7), but also by the two maps which in Ortelius' atlas are called Americce sive 

 Novi Orbis nova descriptio and Indice Orientalis, insularumque adiacentium typus. On 

 these maps de la Torre's islands and also the Ladrones do not lie south of Japan, but are 

 moved further towards the east. The different islands in each group stånd towards each 

 other in a south-to-north direction in the main, and even the names exhibit some dissimi- 

 larities: in the western group we find Las dos Hermanas, but Laim has given place to 

 Malabrigo; in the eastern group both the island and the name of Laniem (or Lanieni) are 

 omitted, while the single Volcano which appears in the map of Asia has been made into a 

 group of islands, called Los Bolcanes; and the easternmost island remains unaltered with 

 the name La farfana. 



In substantial agreement with this is a map published låter by Ortelius, in 1589, 

 with the title Maris Pacifici (quod vulgo Mar del Zur) novissima descriptio, which we here 

 reproduce in facsimile (Fig. 9). Here, however, we have the important difference that 

 the Ladrones have been moved about 20 degrees to the west (from 195° to 175°) and 

 have thus come into about their correct position in relation to Japan, while the Bolcanes 

 group have been moved not more than 10 degrees in the same direction and have thus 

 got their isolated position out in the ocean stilLmore clearly emphasized. i 



If we now return to Plancius' map (Figs. 10 and 11), it appears that this forms a 

 kind of compromise between the different Ortelius types, with the addition of new material 

 which is not f ound in them. Instead of the circular cluster of islands, Restinga de Ladrones, 

 we see these islands with the name Islas de las Velas represented as a chain, in the same 

 fashion as in Sebastian Cabot and with names to the several islands taken from his map. 

 With regard to position, these islands have undergone the same removal as on the map 

 just described (Fig. 9), but in this removal the western group of de la Torre's islands have 

 only participated in part: Maloabrigo in Plancius lies due north of the Ladrones, but Las 

 dos Harmanas 1 have had to stay in their old place in 185° and have thus been placed east, 

 instead of west, of the Ladrones. The eastern group, on the other hand, as marked on 

 Ortelius' map of the world, is altogether lacking in Plancius, and so too are the names Los 

 Bolcanes and La Farfana; but the islands themselves with the drawing characteristic of 



1 Los dos Hermanos, "the two brothers", and Las dos Hermanas, "the two sisters'', altemate arbitrarily 

 on the maps, without possibility to say which of these names was the original. The Portuguese as irmaas has 

 given rise to the meaningless las Tiremanas; and another form. Las dos Hermosas, "the two beauties", which 

 occur on several maps, has been distorted to Lossos Hermosos (in Robert Dudley, Arcano del Mare, 1647). 



