KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 57. N:0 4. 163 



bited"), of the discovery of which we know nothing: the name fits any of the small rocks 

 in tli is part of the ocean. Probably it is a doublet of the neighbouring Maloabrigo and 

 shonld accordingly be counted among the Volcano Archipelago. Still further to the north, 

 in 25° lat., there lies a group of three islands, the southernmost of which is called Una 

 Coluna, the other two Dos Colunas. The first-named is undoubtedly the solitary rock 

 that Alonso de Arellano discovered in 1565 (now Lot's Wife); 1 the latter name, of unknown 

 origin, quite certainly marks only the midmost of the three islands and corresponds to 

 the Pena de dos Picos (now Ponafidin) of låter maps; Hakluyt, who moves the whole gronp 

 up to 28° — 30° lat., has a special name for the northernmost one (Desierta, possibly 

 Awogashima, the southernmost of the Shitchito Islands). Sometimes with the three 

 separate names, sometimes with the common name of Las Colunas, these islands after- 

 wards occur on a number of maps: like other islands, they have in manifold wa}^s changed 

 their position and contributed to make the picture of the island-world of the Pacific into 

 an almost inextricable tangle. 



More important for us is the fact that Plancius includes in his map for the first time 

 I sia de Paxaros, an island discovered by Urdaneta in 1565. He places this quite close to 

 the coast of California, but this island too has failed to retain its right position: Hakluyt 

 moved it far out into the ocean, halfway between California and La Desgraciada; låter 

 cartographers made it continue its westward wandering, while the same island with the 

 new name of Guadalupe was allowed to remain in its original position near the American 

 coast. I have mentioned this removal because it explains how Isla de Paxaros could come 

 into contact, so to speak, with the pseudo-Hawaiian group: on the Anson chart Isla de 

 Paxaros lies due north of La Mesa. 



If we follow the course of cartographical evolution after Plancius we find that it 

 proceeds along two separate lines: one is represented by the works of the European 

 cartographers, who for the most part built upon the material already published and onty 

 modified this in order to make it harmonize with their own speculations; the other line is 

 represented by the charts of the Spanish pilots, who successively recorded the discoveries 

 which were made from time to time during the annual voyages of the galleons. For more 

 than a hundred years we find but few points of contact between these two lines of 

 delevopment. 



If we first take the European maps, we have, besides Hakluyt' s map that has 

 already been mentioned, a map by the Dutch cartographer Jodocus Hokdius, printed 

 at the Hague in 1595.' This map, which marks the track of Francis Drake (1577 — 80) 

 and that of Thomas Cavendish (1586 — 88), reveals no influence from Plancius. On the 



1 Plancius' map also shows other discoveries of Arellano 's, as /. de los Nadadores and llira como vas in 

 the Caroline Archipelago: probably others occur on the map of 1592. Hakluyt, who evidently builds on this 

 map, has in the same archipelago I. de don alonco [Arellano], a name which on Hondius' map of 1611, 

 mentioned below, was perverted to i. de Bonel. 



2 Vera totius expeditionis nnuticce descriptio D. Franc. Draci . . . Addita est etiam viva delincatio 

 navigationis Thomce öauendisk ... A facsimile of the map is appended to an artide by J. A. J. de Viluers, 

 Famous Maps in the British Museum (The Geographical Journal, Vol. XLIV, 1914, pp 168 — 181). Other 

 reproduetions of the same map are also found in The World Encompassed hy Sir Francis Drake, Lond. 

 Hakluyt Soc. 1854; and Richard Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations... Vol. XI, Glasgow 1904, p. 336. 



