164 DAHLGREN, THE DISCOVERY OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



other hand, it does show traces of iiifluence from Spanish maps of which no use had 

 previously been made by European cartography: we see, for instance, Gasparico, which 

 is derived from the voyage of Villalobos, and Quitas uernas, evidently a combination of 

 the names Quite sueno and Cata no duermas, which mark an island or a reef discovered 

 by Alonso de Arellano. It is not improbable that these names were taken from Spanish 

 charts that Drake or Cavendish f ound on some of the ships they captured off the American 

 coast. 1 But the Los Monges group does not occur on Hondius' map, nor, curiously enough, 

 do the Ladrones, though Cavendish visited those islands. 



A striking agreement with Plancius is shown by a map of Franciscus Hoeius, 

 the first edition of which, now löst, would seem to ha ve appeared about the year 1605, 

 and which is known only through a låter reprint, altered in many respects, by Hugo 

 Allardt at Amsterdam about the year 1640. 2 We here see Olivier van Noorfs course in 

 1600, which in the Pacific closely follows the 12th parallel and passes between /. de S. 

 Petro (named during Legazpi's expedition in 1565) and Baixos de 8. Bartholome (Loaysa, 

 1526), which are different names for one and the same island (Taongi). Van Noort himself 

 has nothing to tell us about any land seen between the coast of America and the Ladrones. 3 

 The map deviates from that of Plancius in this respect, that the Los Monges group is 

 omitted. On the other hand, we see /. de Paxaros moved from 23° to 33° N. lat., and widely 

 separated from the Californian coast, which is drawn without any regard to the improve- 

 ments introduced by Hakluyt. 



The maps which most closely agree with Plancius are two great maps of the world, 

 one published by Willem Janszoon Blaeu in 1605, 4 and the other by Jodocus Hondius 

 in 161 1. 5 These maps differ but little from one another: the second one might almost be 

 regarded as plagiarized from the earlier one. As the original of Blaeu' s map is much 

 damaged, and in the parts which especially interest us, cannot be completely studied in 

 the facsimile reproduction, my comparison has had to be limited chiefly to Hondius' maj}, 

 from which the copy here given is taken (Fig. 13). The divergences from Plancius' map 

 of 1594 are few and insignificant as regards the coasts and islands of the Pacific: the 

 greater wealth of details and names may be assumed to be taken direct from the map of 

 1592. In the western part of the ocean, the Ladrones and the islands north thereof — 

 Maloabrigo, Colunas, etc. — are marked in full agreement with the map of 1594. The only 

 difference is that the map restores, from Ortelius' map of the world, de la Torre' s Dos 

 Hermanos and Malabrigo with the somewhat altered names Las dos hermoses and Mallabro, 

 and with a position west of the meridian of the Ladrones, while east of that meridian Las 

 dos hermanas remain in the place where they were put by Plancius. These islands and 

 Malabrigo thus occur twice in Hondius, in places far apart from one another, which can 



1 That Drake took charts from Spanish pilots, amongst others from the previously named Colchero 

 (p. 44), is repeatedly mentioned; see Zelia Nuttall, New Light on Drake, pp. 66, 81, 184, 186, 197, 308. 



2 Nova Orbis Terrarum Geographica ac Hydrographica Descriptio, ex optimis quibusque, optiinorum 

 in hoc opere Auctorum, Tabulis desumpta a Franciscus Hoeius. Facsimile in Remarkable Maps of the XVtJi, 

 XVIth, and XVIIth Centuries, I, Amst. 1894, Pl. 7 — 8. 



3 See Beschryvinghe vande Voyagie om den geheelen Werelt Cloot, ghedaen door Ouvier van Noort . . . 

 Rotterdam 1602, pp. 48-49. 



4 World Map 1605 by Willem Jansz. Blaeu, ed. by Edward Luther Stevenson. New York 1914. 



5 Hondius World Map 1611, ed. by Edward Luther Stevenson and Joseph Fischer. New York 1907. 



