168 DAHLGREN, THE DISCOVERY OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



of the Pacific remained unaltered dnring the whole of the seventeenth century: the islands 

 which had found a place on the maps at the commencement of the century, it is true, 

 changed their places in many ways, were excluded or restored, according to the caprice 

 of the cartographers; but the maps af förd only very scanty evidence of new discoveries. 



On a map of 1635 1 there appears for the first time an island named Amsterdam, the 

 discoverer of which is unknown. It occurs on many låter maps in the neighbourhood of 

 Maloabrigo and Dos Hermanos, and it seems that it may be reckoned among the same 

 group as these: one might be tempted to recognize in it the present Borodino group, 2 

 if the names given by the Spanish discoverer did not point to a different origin (Volcano). 

 The Bonin Archipelago was discovered afresh in 1639 by Matthijs Quast and Abel Tasman; 

 but neither this discovery nor the new names Hooge Meuwen, Engels and Grachts Eilanden 

 found a place on the printed maps, even those by the Dutch cartographers. The same is 

 the case with Breskens Eiland, in the Borodino group, which received its name in 1643 

 from one of the ships on which Vries and Schaep undertook their above-mentioned voyage 

 (p. 76). The only discoveries during this expedition that were marked on the printed maps 

 of the time — I exclude of course the discoveries of Staaten Land and Compagnie Land (the 

 Kuriles), which gave rise to the curious and long current hypothesis of the northern limits 

 of the Pacific — were some small islands, Ongélukkig Eiland and H Zuyder Eiland, which 

 belong to the Shitchito or Tasman Archipelago, but which possibly had been seen long 

 before by Spanish seafarers. 3 



The European cartographers of the seventeenth century remained in complete 

 ignorance of any Spanish discovery in the western part of the ocean. If we pass över to 

 the eastern side, we find at least one trace indicative of a Spanish source that was unknown 

 to Plancius and his contemporaries. I refer to the island of Ulloa, which, in consequence 

 of its position with regard to the Los Monges group, is of special interest to us. 



This name makes its appearance at the same time as the view began to be held 

 amongst cartographers that California was an island separated from the mainland of 

 America. The earlier map-makers had correctly delineated that country as a peninsula. 

 It has been alleged that a conception diverging from this appears for the first time on a 

 map by Henry Briggs published in 1625 by Samuel Purchas. 4 The origin of this 

 alteration is to be found in an inscription on Briggs' map, which says of California that 

 it was sometimes supposed to be a part of the western continent, "but since by a Spanish 

 charte taken by the Hollanders it is found to be a goodly Ilande". 



We may take it for granted that the Dutchman into whose hands the Spanish chart 

 here mentioned f ell, was Joris van Spilbergen, although in the original narrative of his 



1 Guilh. & Joh. Blaeu, China veteribus Smårum Megio nunc incolis Tame dicta. 



2 "The very small islets . . . forming the Borodino Group are named Rasa, S. Borodino (Minami-öagari) 

 and N. Borodino (Kita-öagari). The first is in lat. 24° 32' 30" N. and long. 131° 19' E., the second in lat. 

 25° 55' N. and long. 131° 14' 42" E., and the third lies about 6 3 /-t m\\es to the NE. of the second." S. 

 Yoshiwara, Geologic Structure of the JRiukiu (Loochoo) Curre, and its Relation to the N. Part of Formosa 

 (Journal of the Coll. of Se, Imp. Univ. of Tokio, XVI, Art. 2, 1901, p. 54). 



3 See p. 54 above. 



4 Purchas His Pilgrlmes, III, Lond. 1625, fol. 853. (The Glasgow Reprint, XIV, 1906, p. 422). Of. 

 Peschel, Geschichte der Erdkunde, 1877, p. 271, note 2; Nordenskiöld, Periplus, p. 192. 



