KtJNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIEKS HANDLINGAR. BAND 57. NIO 4. 177 



maps. It is remarkable that Los Frailes has the same meaning as Los Monges (The Monks), 

 and Companeras might possibly be a translation of Vecina: one is thus tempted to regard 

 these names as traces left behind them by the islands of the Los Monges group in the 

 course of their wandering towards the east. This group, with the names unaltered, has 

 been put by Sanches in the same place, with regard to California, where it had been placed 

 on the European maps since the time of Abraham Goos in 1624; but while these maps 

 delineate the group as three islands arranged triangularly, Sanches has one larger and five 

 smaller islands — which is a kind of reminiscence of their first appearance in Ortelius 

 in 1570. In this last-named respect we have found only one example of the type repre- 

 sented by Sanches' chart being followed in European cartography: the above-cited map 

 by Hessel Gerritsz oon 1 (Fig. 15) shows the Los Monges group, although without 

 names, delineated in the same way as Sanches, and eleven years earlier than his chart. 



The American side of Sanches' chart exhibits a striking resemblance with that type 

 which is distinguished by assigning an insular character to California: we see y. de Paxaros, 

 y. de Vlhoa, and the Re villa Gigedo Islands in positions which are characteristic of this 

 type; and, by way of a novelty, there appears y. de Humos (Smoke Island) of an unknown 

 origin, which is not met with on any other map. 2 



Apart from the resemblances in detail, just now mentioned, with regard to the Los 

 Monges group, we have not found, throughout the seventeenth century, any definite point 

 of contact between the charts drawn hy Spaniards and Portuguese and the maps that 

 were printed in the rest of Europé. This is so much the more difficult to explain because 

 we know for certain that the Dutch East India Company was in possession of Spanish 

 charts of the seas in the Far East; 3 and because it was precisely in Holland that great 

 cartographical activity prevailed during that century. 



There are some slight hints, however, that charts for the galleon trade came into 

 the hands of Dutch map-printers. As an example of this may be mentioned a map of 

 the world, published at Amsterdam in 1675, on which it is expressly said that, as regards 

 the west coast of America, it is based on "charts of the Royal Fleets that annually sail 

 from New Spain and Peru to the Philippines". This map, 4 which professes to be a new 

 and improved edition of Petrus Plancius' map of 1592, shows no resemblance either to 



1 That this man is the author of the map in question may be infen-ed from an utterance of Johannes 

 de Laet, in whose work Beschrijiinglie van West-Indien the map is included. Laet says that as regards the 

 maps in this work he has had the help of k 'de industrie ende ervarentheydt van Hessel Gerritsz die de kaerten 

 meest ontworpeu ende ghestelt heeft". In 1622 Hessel Gerritsz. had published a large chart of the Pacific, the 

 only surviviDg copy of which is to be found in Depot de la Marine at Paris, and which I only know through 

 a description by F. C. Wieder: El primer Portulano Holandés de la Mar del Sur (Congreso de Historia y 

 Geografia Hispano-Americanas celebrado en Sevilla 1914. Actas y Memorias, Madrid 1914, pp. 517—522). 

 Wieder maintains that this chart shows numerous traces of influence from Spanish sources: it may therefore be 

 assumed that if, as is probable, the Los Monges group was drawn on the chart of 1622 as it was on that of 

 1630, this draft too was taken from a Spanish map. 



2 In the same volume as Sanches' chart there is another chart by Jouan Battista Cavallini, "in Livorno 

 A. 1642''. It is a copy of Sanches from which it differs only in insignificant details. Thus the name Los 

 Mouges is changed to Los Martires. 



3 See above, p. 75. 



4 This map (in two hemispheres), which I have never seen mentioned, bears the title Universi Orbis 

 Tabula de integro delineata A° MDCLXXV. It is dedicated to the Dutch States-General; but the name of 

 the original editor has been scraped off the copper-plate; on which there are engraved the names of two other 



K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 57. N:o 4. 23 



