178 DAHLGREN, THE DISCOVERY OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



Sanches' chart or to the Spanish charts of the eighteenth century, but represents the 

 Pacific Ocean in the same way as the contemporary printed world-maps: between the 

 Ladrones and the islands situated north thereof (Maloabrigo, Desierta and Colunas) on 

 one side and Roca Partida on the other, there is no island marked; even the Los Monges 

 group is omitted; and there is no trace of Rica de Oro and Rica de Platå and a number 

 of other islands previously mentioned. 



The same appearance is also presented by the charts of the Pacific Ocean published 

 by the Dutch cartographers, J. Janssonius, Pieter Goos, Johannes van Loon, Arnold 

 Colom, Johannes van Keulen, etc.; 1 and vet these men would surely ha ve been disposed 

 to acquire for their Sea-Atlases the newest and best material that was to be obtained. 

 This material was not so well guarded on the part of the Spaniards but that some chart 

 could occasionally have found its way to publicity. Or perhaps from the appearance of 

 the Dutch charts one might infer the existence of Spanish charts that agreed with them 

 and consequently lacked the greater part of the islands here spöken of? This question 

 cannot be answered so long as no Spanish chart of the Pacific from the seventeenth century 

 is known. 



Towards the end of the seventeenth century there occurred the invasion of the Pacific 

 by the English and French buccaneers and their plunderings along the west coast of 

 America, from Chili to California. In the course of these events many Spanish sailing- 

 directions and charts fell into their hands: William Dampier several times mentions "Pilot 

 books" and "draf ts", in accordance with which the böld privateers steered their course. Two 

 of these sailed for home across the Ocean from east to west: Captain John Eaton in the 

 "Nicolas" sailed from Cape Blanco on the coast of Costa Rica and arrived at Guam on 

 14 March 1685; Captain Charles Swan in the "Cygnet" left Cape Corrientes on 31 March 

 1686 and reached Guam on 21 May. The voyage of the former was described by Ambrose 

 Cowley, the latter by Dampier; but the maps which accompany the printed narratives 

 of their voyages are executed on so small a scale that it is scarcely possible to determine 



(låter?) editors, viz. Justus Danckers, 1664, and Cornelis Danckers, 1676. In the following remarkable inscription 

 the editor — probably to give greater authority to the map — has quoted Plancius as the speaker: "Geogra- 

 phiae Studiosis In hac redintegrata a nobis totius Orbis descriptioue, post priorem quadrata forma a nobis 

 editam, Anno 1592 (secundum quam alise quamplurimse, ab aliis Postmodum sunt delineatte) Habetis hic de- 

 integro: in hoc quidem hemisphaerio Chince delineationem novam, ex ipsorum Chinensium tabulis; et Guinea: 

 Africaiue, ex tabula regia Lusitanica: In altero autem Americam pene totam novam; et quidem tam eius mediterranea, 

 qvam oram maritimam. Potissima sunt: Nova Francia cum insulis circumjacentibus; ex observationibus exactis- 

 simis Gallorum, qui ea loca nuperrime lustrarunt: Virginia utraque Mexica nova ac vetus. Nova Granatu 

 Weiana. Non nib.il qvoque Brasilice: Tota regio mediterranea circa Paranum fluvium, ac praesertim qvaliter 

 institui solet ab eo fluvio, atque ex Brasilia in Peruviam. Atque adeo ipsa quoque Peruvia integra. Omnia ex 

 variorum hodoporeticis et descriptionibus accuratis: Exin Fretum Magellanicum, ex delineatione potissimum 

 loan Davis nobilis Angliae, ac denique totum Americanum littus occidentale, e freto Magellanico ad fretum usque 

 Anian, ex tabulis thalassographicis classium regiarum, quae quotannis ex Nova Hispania et Peruvia navigant iu 

 Philippinas. Et quidem hsec potissima sunt, singula nimis longum esset recensere. Haec nos damus pictor de 

 suo ornatum apposuit, quem videtis. Petrus Plancius." — A copy of this map belongs to Count Eugéne Lewen- 

 haupt and adorns a wall in his library at Säbylund, in the Swedish province of Nerike. 



1 See, for instance, "Mar del Zur Hispanis Mare Pacificum" by Johannes Janssonius about 1650; facsi- 

 miles in Nordenskiöld, Periplus, Tab. LVII, and in Remarkable Maps, Part II, Tab. 13. 



