KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 57. N:0 4. 183 



among whom niay be mentioned Claude Nicolas Griffon and Ledemaine Godalles, 

 both occupying the position of "Maitres d'Hydrographie" at Saint-Malo. Several charts 

 of the Pacific Ocean by the latter ha ve been preserved, one of which embraces the Ocean 

 in its entirety. 1 These, which are stated by their author to be founded on Spanish charts, 

 give, as regards the islands in the northern part of the Ocean, no information beyond what 

 can be obtained from contemporary printed maps. 



Of greater interest is a map of Frondafs voyage, which is given here in facsimile 

 (Pl. II). It was designed in 1713 by J. B. Nolin le fils, and is evidently based on both 

 Dutch and Spanish sources. We there find the Los Monges group in 235° E. from Tene- 

 riffe, that is to say, in almost the same spöt as it was placed in the printed maps; and the 

 arrangement of the gronp in three triangnlarly placed islands also agrees with those maps, 

 as we know them from the time of Blaeu and Hondins. It is therefore probable that 

 Nolin took that group, which was of no special interest to him, from the Dutch, rather 

 than from the Spanish prototypes. It is as an exponent of the conceptions held by 

 European cartographers of the geography of the Pacific at the beginning of the eighteenth 

 century that Nolin' s map has its chief importance. 



In addition to his other services in the department of geography, Guillaume 

 Delisle made use of the Spanish charts to a far greater extent than anyone before him: 

 it is to him that we are indebted for the fact that Spanish cartography attracted 

 attention in Europé and was introduced into the printed maps. 



Delisle's maps of 1700 and 1714 (Figg. 16 and 17) had still kept to the old lines as 

 regards the islands of the Pacific. That he shortly afterwards obtained possession of 

 some new material — certainly through the fellow-countrymen who during his time 

 visited the Spanish settlements in large numbers — is shown by his Mappemonde, dated 

 15 April 1720; by his Hémisphére Oriental (Fig. 20) and Hémisphåre Occidental (Fig. 21), 

 drawn in 1720, published, 15 September 1724; and by his Carte d' 'Asie (Fig. 22), dated 

 June 1723. On all these maps there appear a large number of islands that had hitherto 

 been lacking on the maps printed in Europé. 2 Some of these islands had already 

 been included in Sanches' map of 1641; but various others now appear for the first time. 

 The date of the discovery is given for some of them, as for instance for two groups south- 

 east of Japan, which are stated to have been discovered in 1664 and 1688 (see Fig. 22). 

 We have here dates beyond which the origin of the maps cannot be traced backwards. 

 On the whole, Delisle's maps show a striking agreement with the type that comprises the 

 Anson chart and the other charts enumerated below. We can therefore in all probability 

 ref er this type to a common original; and as these characteristics are lacking on all older 

 maps, we may assume that this type came into existence towards the close of the seven- 

 teenth century, or possibly in the beginning of the eighteenth. The view sometimes ex- 

 pressed that the Anson chart represents Spanish cartography as fixed as early as the 

 sixteenth century, is assuredly incorrect. 



To the type in question belong, in addition to Delisle's maps, the following charts 

 or descriptions of charts: — 



1 On these maps, see my book Les relations commerciales . . . p. 317 note. 



2 The name and position of the islands are given in the tables on pp. 191 — 193 below. 



