190 DAHLGREN, THE DISCOVERY OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



islands were afterwards visited, in 1731, by the Jesuit Juan Antonio Cantova, who shortly 

 afterwards there suffered a martyr's death; but neitlier his map of that year, 1 nor the map 

 of a large part of the Carolines 2 that lie drew up in accordance with the information given 

 by natives wind-driven to Guam, and which as early as 1722 was sent to Europé, was 

 known to the draughtsman of the Stockholm chart. 



Accordingly, as the last discoveries inserted on this chart date from the years 1710, 

 1712, and 1716, while it shows no knowledge of the discoveries of 1722 and 1731, it would 

 seem that one can determine the year of its compilation as somewhere between 1716 and 

 1722, which, however, does not exclude the possibility that the copy before us mayhave 

 been drawn at a considerably låter period. 



A map that is the result of the experience of a long period, on which one pilot after 

 another has made his additions, cannot, of course, be attributed to any special author. 

 There are some indications, however, that seem to point to a certain definite person as 

 the originator of this chart. In the extracts from log-books above cited, there occurs 

 several times the name Manuel de los Santos: during the voyage of 1722 a diary by 

 him is cited with regard to the position of the senas; in 1726 there is mentioned "otro 

 diario del piloto Don Manuel de los Santos Camacho"; and in 1732 there is a reference 

 to "Mapa de Don Manuel de los Santos" which is said in that year to have been possessed 

 by the Piloto Mayor, while the Piloto Segundo made use of another chart. If we scrutinize 

 the statements in the log-book for 1732, 3 it is found that they agree much more closely 

 with the Stockholm chart than with any other chart: possibly, therefore, we may regard 

 Manuel de los Santos as its author. As to the time when he lived, however, we possess no 

 certain information. 4 



If we now compare all the charts of which we have here given some account, the 

 resemblance between them, as has been several times pointed out, is very striking. If, 

 on the other hand, we compare them with a modern chart of the Pacific Ocean, we find 

 a number of islands which have nothing corresponding to them in reality. To this class 

 belong, in the first place, the purely imaginary islands Rica de Oro, Rica de Platå, and 

 Dona Maria Lajara. Others, owing to the mistakes or caprice of cartographers, have been 

 moved and appear in places far removed from their true position: of this we have examples 

 in Isla de Paxaros, Ulloa, and Isla de San Juan. Others again have in reality been seen 

 several times, and have each time been regarded as new discoveries and inserted on the 

 charts by the side of the older ones. The confusion has been increased by the fact that, 

 in some cases, names from one island or group of islands have been transferred to another, 

 with which the names originally had no connection. The following comparative tables, 



1 "Mapa de las Yslas de los Dolores, o Garbanzos que dedica al muy Ilustre Sefior D. Fernaudo Valdes 

 Tamon ... su Meuor CapU»n el P e Juan Antonio Cantova S. J."; original in Archivo de Indias; facsimile in 

 Bol. de la Soc. geogr. de Madrid, X, 1881; and in Bl. & Rob. LII, p. 36. 



2 "Nouvelle description des isles Carolines", in Lettres édiftantcs, XVIII recueil, 1728, p. 189. 



3 Cf. above, p. 119. 



i From the extract from the log-book of 1726 it looks as if he took part in the voyage of that year, 

 though not in the capacity of piloto mayor; but probably this is due to a mistake on the part of the compiler 

 of the extracts, who found an older log-book of de los Santos as an appendix to the diary of 1726. 



