202 DAHLGREN, THE DISCOVERY OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



of the Spanish charts by more than 15 degrees. The identification of the two names has 

 since then, as it seems without further examination, been repeated by modern carto- 

 graphers: on the British Admiralty chart 1 we see Lotfs Wife or Rica de Oro, and in the 

 latest edition (1905) of Stieler's Hand- Atlas we read, in the same position, Lots Wéib 

 (Rica de Oro)." 



I have dwelt on this last phase in the history of the Gold and Silver Islands because 

 it seems to me to give an eloquent example of a cartographical procedure whereby not 

 merely the name of an island has been transferred to another, but also an island has 

 wandered över the map from one place to another — which is precisely the same process 

 as I have above sought to demonstrate with regard to the Los Monges group. Seeing 

 that such a thing has been able to take place in a time when modern methods for the 

 determination of places have been perfected, it ought not to arouse astonishment to find 

 analogous circumstances, and on a still larger scale, in the childhood of cartography and 

 navigation. 



Frondafs Saint Antoine had to wait longer than his Saint Roch for its new discoverer. 

 It was seen again for the first time in 1820 by Lieutenant Ponafidin of the Imperial 

 Russian Na vy in the course of a voyage from Manila to the north-west coast of America, 

 and was placed by him in 30° 29' N. lat., and 140° 6 r E. long. As the island seemed to 

 have three peaks, it was named "Three Hills Island"; but Admiral Krusenstern, who 

 reported Ponafidin's narrative, says that, as there was already an island in the Pacific 

 with that name, he had preferred to name the new island af ter its discoverer; and he adds 

 that it was probably the same island as was discovered in the following year by the Russian 

 Lieutenant Povalichin and described by him as a round rock in the shape of a flattened 

 cone. On this latter occasion the position was fixed as 30° 31' 45" N. lat., and 140° 24' 40" 

 E. long.; 3 and it is probably from the same occasion that the name of Saint Peter is derived. 

 The British Admiralty chart shows us Ponajidin (St. Peters) in 30° 27' N. lat., and 140° 

 13' E. long., and gives the height of the island as 1176 ft. 



On the Geological Map of the Japanese Empire, 1902, the island of Ponafidin is 

 called Mitsugojima and is there characterized as an extinct volcano. Certainly it had been 

 inactive for a long period. About the year 1889 a Japanese settlement was made on the 

 previously uninhabited island for the purpose of utilizing the immense numbers of sea-fowl 

 that had their breeding-place there; and in consequence of this the island was called 



1 Pacific Ocean, in four sheets 1881, corrections 1905. 



2 Rica de Platå also has been identified with a supposed discovery of recent times. Admiral Krusen- 

 stern says: "Cette isle a été découverte le 15 Octobre 1801 par le galéon espagnol, El Rey Carlos, commandé 

 par le Capitaine Crespo, dans sa traversée de Manille ä Acapulco; je l'ai nommée sur ma carte isle Crespo. 

 La position géographique en est 32° 46' N. et 170° 10' E.; le vaisseau espagnol ayant apergu cette isle a la 

 distance de plus de 10 lieues, il est ä supposer qu'elle n'est basse" (Becueil de mémoires hydrograpldques, 

 II, St. Pétersb. 1827, p. 41). Crespo Island, however, is certainly non-existent: it is not marked on the British 

 Admiralty Chart, and is characterized as doubtful in the List of reported Dangers of the Pacific Ocean, Wash. 

 1806, p. 10. 



3 Krusenstern, op. cit., p. 42. By the other "He de trois Collines" Krusenstern possibly means Three 

 Hills among the New Hebrides. The Pcna de dos Picos of the Spanish charts possibly indicates that, seen 

 from another side, it shows only two summits; or perhaps a volcanic eruption has changed its appearance 



