12 BULLETIN PoO. r. 5. DEPAETME^T OE AGRICULTURE. 



that they word t ill directly into the water or could be rolled in by 

 hand, to steam-donkey logging, the donkey being mounted on a raft 

 and "beached" at high tide, yarding directly into the water. Later 

 fcwc donkeys have been used, a yarder and a roader. In the water 

 the logs are boomed and towed to the sawmills. 



The Logging heretofore has been of comparatively large or sele ~ 3 1 

 timber. Pulpwood cuts will have a larger yield per acre than those 

 for other purposes, as smaller timber will be cut. It is doubtful if 

 the present system of logging is the best and cheapest that can be de- 

 vise! for pulpwood logging 1: an extensive scale. An overhead 

 system seems to promise one solution of the problem. In this sys- 

 tem a number of small logs could be brought to the water with a 

 •■ choker. 75 Gravity chutes might be profitably employed on the 

 steer-: slopes. To reach the material farther back, it might be 

 necessary to put in logging railroads running along the contour. Xo 

 two logging units would present the same problem : several methods 

 of logging would likely be used on the same general operation. 



In 1918, $8.95 was the average cost for raw pulpwood at the mills 

 in California. Oregon, and Washington. It is believed that pulp- 

 wc : i can be produced more cheaply in Alaska, as the greater part 

 of the wood will be cut within less than a mile of the water's edge. 

 Figures of ?4 to *6 per ?ord would normally approximate average 

 costs under present methods of logging. 



The following cost figures are from " British Columbia, a Com- 

 plete Guide,*' Vancouver. British Columbia. 1919: 





y«r. 



Pul7~»>i. 



value 





Y 



ear. 



1 ufrnwmd 



Averse 

 value 



1911 . 





:,- 



r. :•: 

 \ a 



1914 



:-: r 



tau . . 



SO. 013 

 H 535 



So. 33 



:.-■.:.. . 





84,173 



5.32 









The natural system of sheltered canals and waterways | see map. 



p. 40) and the proximity of most of the timber to them affords a great 



advantage in lessening the expense : logging. Log rafts are now 



towed as far as 1"'"" 1 miles to sawmills. Towage to the mill will 



relatively inexpensive, especially if the operator uses his own tugs. 



It is estimated that the oust will not exceed 1 cent a mile per cord. 



This factor greatly reduces the original investment in logging plant. 



mj axed, for example, with railroad operations. It also makes 



the physical factors in logging practically constant throughout a 



trasted with the increasing cost of typical I _- 



ging operation- in the State-, which must move farther and farther 



back into less sssdble timber, with increasing cost of construction 



operation as the rougher and higher country is penetrated. 



