246 JOHN FRASER. 



pia-), muru 'to follow.' In Samoan, muli is 'to follow,' fo'i is 

 'also,' ulu-ga (for fulu-) is 'a couple.' The Fijian has tau-muri 

 'behind ' in the sense of 'following,' just as tau-mada in Fijian 

 means 'first' or 'before.' The Malay has ulang, 'to repeat,' and 

 pula, ' again, too, likewise.' In some of the Himalayan regions, 

 to which a portion of the aboriginal inhabitants of India was 

 driven by the Aryan invasion, buli, pli, bli means ' four, ? that 

 is, as I suppose, 'two-twos,' — a dual form of ' two.' 



It seems to me that the Dravidian words maru, 'to change,' 

 muru, 'to turn,' muri, 'to break in two ' are from the same root 

 as bula, and that root is to be found in Aryan words also, such as 

 Lat. mu-to, mu-tu-us ; for there is a Sk. root ma, 'to change.' It 

 is known that the Sanskrit dvi, dva, 'two,' gives the Greek dis 

 (for dvi s), 'twice,' and the adjective dissos, 'double,' and that dvis 

 gives the Latin bis ; but the Sk. dva also gives the Gothic twa, 

 ' other, different,' and the Eng. twain, 'two,' as well as words for 

 'two' in many languages. Hence I think that our root bu, ba 

 gives the Samoan vae-ga, 'a division,' vaega-lemu, 'the half,' and 

 other words ; because, when people are 'at one' on any subject 

 they are agreed, but when they are at ' twos and threes' they are 

 divided in opinion ; and in the same sense I would connect the Lat. 

 divido with the Sk. root dvi. Probably the Latin varius and 

 the English variance are connected with the root ba in that 

 same sense. But I must now leave the word bula; for this dis- 

 cussion is getting too lengthy. 



I would only add a line to say that our blackfellows use the 

 word bula also to mean 'many.' I do not believe that this is 

 the same word as bula, ' two.' I consider it to be from the same 

 root as the Sanskrit pulu, puru, 'many,' and that root under 

 the form of par, pi a, pie, plu has ramifications all through the 

 Aryan languages, in the sense of ' fill, full, much, many, more/ 

 <fec. The eastern form of this root gives, in New Britain, bula, 

 'more,' mag, ' many,' buka, 'full'; in Motu, bada, 'much,' and 

 hutu-ma, 'multitude'; in Aneityum, a-lup-as (lup = plu), 'much'; 

 in Fiji, vu-ga, 'many'; in Duke of York Island bu-nui, 'to in- 

 crease.' In Dravidian, pal is 'many,' pal-gu, 'to become many, 

 to multiply, to increase.' It thus appears that the Australian 

 bula, 'many,' has kindred, not only in Melanesia and the Dekkan, 

 but also all through the Aryan region. 



Results. — The root is bu, which denotes 'repetition,' ' change,' 

 and this is the idea which resides in the Hebrew numeral ' two,' 

 and in the Latin alter, 'second '; another, but cognate, idea for 

 'two' or 'second' is 'that which follows'; of the root bu other 

 forms are ba, bi, pi, ma, mo, mu, fu, fo and u; from ma, mu, 

 come Dravidian words meaning 'to turn,' 'to change'; and from 



