AUTOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENTS USED IN FLYING MACHINES. 



28: 



•out through the cord all the power required to stretch it, part 

 being lost in heat (Prof. Marey. Animal Mechanism): the mean 

 of all the curves, 14 stretching and 14 contracting, develops the 

 datum curve (Fig. 2), used now for estimating the approximate 

 foot-pounds of energy of the machines ; it is considerably lower 

 than the old curve, and shews that the strength of the strut 

 sheaves and cord may be safely reduced. 



Each J inch the bands are stretched represents one foot of 

 ■cord in the 48-band machine, or six inches in the 24-band machine, 

 so that each small rectangle is a foot-pound of work for the large 

 machine, and half a foot-pound for the smaller ones. 



Serious errors in the amount of energy supposed to have been 

 used in A, B and C observations were found, and a new table of 

 comparison was made. 



COMPARISON OF FLYING-MACHINES. 











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1-47 



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139 



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245-9 208-4 



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201 



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48-band 



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370-8 201-5 



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103 



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192 



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1 J 1974 



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218-0 170-3 



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4-53 ! 1019'2-09'-0044 



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470-0' 224-9 



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270 



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The next instrument wanted was one to measure the comparative 

 efficiency of various forms of wings, also the variation in thrust 

 produced by lengthening the connecting rod, and the time occupied 

 by one revolution of the crank-shaft to determine the approximate 

 speed of the flying-machines, and lastly to find the best position 

 of the midrib with regard to the leading edge of the wing 

 membrane. 



It was at first surmised that a descending weight would be 

 equivalent to the contracting elastics, but after much trouble it 

 was found that the speed acquired by 101t)s. falling 2 J inches 

 and being brought to a standstill in the next 2^ inches produced 

 a puzzling distortion of the diagram (Diag. 1), this led to an 

 erroneous supposition that lead of winder would be advantageous. 



