412 THE COMPOSITE FAMILY. 



f Achenes strongly striate, and slightly narrowed at the top. Pappus of 



numerous white hairs. Lower leaves frequently pinnatifid 36. Crepis. 



48 <{ Achenes but slightly striate, not narrowed at the top. Pappus of rather 



I stiff bristles, of a dirty white. Leaves toothed or entire. 



L 37. Hawkweed. 



. q f Flowers blue. Pappus a small cup formed of short scales. 38. Chicory. 



1 Flowers small and yellow. No pappus 50 



f Stem 1 to 2 feet, leafy, with several flower-heads . . . 40. Lapsane. 

 50 -{ Stem leafless, not 6 inches high, hollow under the flower-heads. Leaves 



L radical 39. Arnoseris. 



The very numerous genera of Composites are. distributed into four 

 great Tribes or Suborders, of which the three following only are re- 

 presented in Britain : — 



I. Corymbieers {Corymbiferai) . Herbs (or, in some exotic species, trees or 

 shrubs), with alternate or opposite leaves, not prickly (except in a few exotic 

 species). Involucres seldom prickly. Outer florets of each head usually ligu- 

 late or filiform, or more slender than the central ones, and female or neuter. 

 Central florets usually tubular, small, hermaphrodite, with 4 or 5 short lobes or 

 teeth. Rarely all the florets are tubular, as in Thistleheads ; but then the 

 style is not swollen under the branches. This vast Suborder is again divided 

 into Tribes, of which the British ones are : — 



1. Eupatorie^e. Branches of the style usually club-shaped or obtuse. 

 Genera : — 1. Eupatory ; 2. Coltsfoot. 



2. Astere^;. Branches of the style usually flattened and pointed. Genera : 

 —3. Aster ; 4. Erigeron; 5. Linos yris; 6. Goldenrod ; 7. Inule; 8. 



Daisy. 



3. Senecione^:. Branches of the style usually truncate at the top, with a 

 tuft of minute hairs, or conical and pointed. Genera : — 9. Chrysanthemum ; 

 10. Matricary; 11. Camomile; 12. Achillea; 13. Diotis ; 14. Tansy; 

 15. Artemisia ; 16. Cudweed ; 17. Senecio ; 18. Doronic ; 19. Bidens. 



4. AMEROSiEiE. Anthers closed round the style, but not united. Genus, 

 20. Burweed. 



II. Thistleheads (Cynarocephalce). Herbs, with alternate or radical 

 leaves, often prickly. Involucres usually globular or ovoid, with numerous im- 

 bricated, usually prickly or jagged bracts. Receptacle often thick, and hard. 

 Florets all tubular and regular, with 4 or 5 often narrow lobes. Style slightly 

 swollen below the lobes. Genera : — 21. Burdock ; 22. Sawwort ; 23. Saus- 

 surea ; 34. Thistle ; 25. Onopord ; 26. Carline ; 27. Centaurea. 



III. Ligulates (Liguliflorce or Chicoracece) . Herbs, with alternate or ra- 

 dical leaves, seldom prickly. All the florets ligulate, usually of several rows, 

 the inner ones gradually shorter than the outer ones. Genera : — 28. Salsify ; 

 29. Helminth ; 30. Picris ; 31. Hawkp.it ; 32. Hypochjere ; 33. Let- 

 tuce ; 34. SOWTHISTLE ; 35. DANDELION ; 36. CREPIS ; 37. HAWKWEED ; 



38. Chicory ; 39. Arnoseris ; 40. Lapsane. 



Among the numerous exotic genera familiar to us by long or general 



