510 THE CAMPANULA FAMILY. 



IV. CAMPANULA. CAMPANULA. 



Flowers in panicles, racemes, or spikes, sometimes contracted into 

 short leafy heads, or rarely solitary. Corolla regular or nearly so, 

 bell-shaped, broadly tubular or rotate, with 5 broad or lanceolate lobes.. 

 Anthers distinct. Style cleft at the top into 2, 3, or 5 stigmatic lobes. 

 Capsule crowned by the teeth or lobes of the calyx, and opening 

 laterally or at the top. 



A numerous genus, widely spread over the globe, chiefly in the 

 northern hemisphere or in the mountain-ranges of the hotter regions, 

 with a few extratropical southern species. Taken as a whole, it is a 

 natural and readily recognized group, but diversities in the opening of 

 the capsule, and several minor points, have induced modern botanists 

 to subdivide it into three or more separate genera. Their characters 

 are, however, so little in accord with their general habit, that they 

 may be more conveniently considered as sub-genera or sections. 



Calyx- tube and capsule long and narrow. Corolla rotate 



(Specularia) 9. Corn C. 



Calyx-tube short and broad. Corolla bell-shaped. 



Delicate, prostrate plant, with nearly orbicular, an- 

 gularly toothed leaves. Capsule opening at the 



top (Wahlenbergia) 8. Ivy C. 



Stems erect or ascending. Upper leaves narrow or 

 pointed. Capsule opening at the sides. 

 Stem-leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, entire or 

 nearly so. 

 Lobes of the corolla as long or nearly as long as 

 the tube. 

 Annual or biennial, with slender spreading 

 branches and few flowers. The corolla rather 



large and very open 6. Spreading C. 



Erect, stiff perennial, with long racemes of rather 



small flowers . 5. Rampion C. 



Lobes of the corolla considerably shorter than the 



tube 7. Harebell C. 



Stem-leaves ovate-lanceolate or heart-shaped, and 

 toothed. 

 Flowers two or more together in the upper axils or 

 in terminal heads or clusters. 

 Flowers closely sessile, in compact heads . . 1. Clustered C. 

 Flowers shortly stalked, in rather loose clusters 2. Nettle-leaved C. 

 Flowers growing singly in the upper axils or in a 

 simple terminal raceme. 

 Flowers (middle-sized) in a long terminal raceme, 



with short floral leaves 4. Creeping C. 



