1018 THE CLUBMOSfi FAMILY. 



the assistance of carefully executed plates. However great, therefore, 

 may be the interest attached to them, they are beyond the scope of the 

 present Flora ; and the amateur of British Botany, desirous of entering 

 into their study, is referred to the works of Hooker, Wilson, Harvey, 

 Berkeley, and others, devoted each to particular families. These Cel- 

 lular Cryptogams are comprised in the five following families : — 



Mosses. Stem and leaves distinct, but without vessels. Spores 

 contained in little globular or awn-shaped capsules, which are usually 

 pedicellate, and open by the falling off of a lid at the top. 



Hepaticje. Stem and leaves sometimes like those of Mosses, some- 

 times reduced to flat, leaf-like expansions. Spores contained in little 

 capsules, either stalked, as in the Mosses, but opening in valves, or 

 immersed in the substance of the frond. 



Lichens. Plants consisting of a variously-shaped flat, or shortly 

 erect expansion called the thallus, not usually green, but turning 

 greenish if rubbed, sometimes so thin as not to be distinguished but by 

 colour from the stones or bark they grow on. Fructification in little 

 shield-like or wart-like bodies on the surface of the thallus. 



Fungi. Plants of infinite variety of shape and colour, but not green 

 even when rubbed, usually growing on decaying organized substances, 

 often themselves microscopic, and their fructification always so. They 

 include Mushrooms, Moulds, Mildews, Dry-rot, Vinegar Plants, etc. 



AjjGM. Aquatic plants, entirely submerged, variously coloured ; 

 the fructification usually imbedded in the substance of the frond, and 

 almost always microscopic. They include the Seaweeds, the fresh- 

 water Confervas, and according to some authors the Char as also, which 

 in the short, whorled branches of their fronds show some approach to 

 the Equisetum family, but they float like the Atyce, and have axillary 

 fructifications. 



LXXXVIII. CLUBMOSS FAMILY. LYCOPODIACEiE. 



Leaves radical or alternate, undivided in the British genera. 

 Spores enclosed in capsules, sessile or nearly so, either at the 

 base or in the axils of the leaves, or forming a terminal spike in- 

 terspersed with leaf-like bracts. 



Aquatic plants, with linear, grass-like, radical leaves. 



Stock tufted. Fructification in the thickened base of the 



leaves 1. Quillwoht. 



Roctstock creeping. Capsules globular, in the axils of the 



leaves 2. Pjllwobt. 



Terrestrial plants, with the leaves usually short and crowded 3. Clubmoss. 



