EFFECT OF GRAZING ON WESTERN YELLOW PINE. 21 



Table 11. — Deaths and injuries on all plots, due to causes other than sheep grazing — Con. 





South Fork. 



All areas. 



Y'ear and species. 







03 

 3 



M 



ffl 



d-d 





s 



o 





03 



PQ 



03 ® 



«H ft 



EH 



T3 



2 



1912: 



Western yellow 

 pine 















1 



...... 



76 

 23 

 11 



5 

 ...... 



2 



1 



544 



Douglas fir 















76 



Lodgepole pine 

















13 



White fir 



















1 



























All 















1 



1 



2 



110 



141 

 81 

 19 



2 



7 

 8 



4 



634 

















1913: 



Western yellow 

 pine 















1,931 



Douglas fir . _ 













517 



Lodgepole pine __ 





















593 



White fir 





















11 

























All 















1 



2 



243 



8 





3,052 

















1914: 



Western yellow 



2 



1 

 19 



43 

 218 



5 



2 



142 

 62 



6 



7 

 91 



1 

 21 



121 



948 



15 



116 



7 



2 



1,147 



Douglas fir 



551 



Lodgepole pine 













620 



White fir 





















19 

























All 



2 



20 



261 



5 



2 



204 



6 



120 



1,200 



7 



2 



2,337 







All years total 



2 



20 



261 



5 



2 



204 



8 



123 



1,553 



23 



6 



6,023 







Table 12. — Comparative damage from sheep grazing and from other causes. 

 (All allotments and years.) 





Nature of injury. 



Species and cause of injury. 



Needles. 



Side 

 branch. 



Leader. 



Bark. 



Tram- 

 pled. 



All not 

 killed. 



Killed. 



Western yellow pine: 



Sheep 



51 



8 



12 

 9 



5 

 92 



3 

 1 



116 

 338 



21 

 1,052 



7 

 45 



8 

 20 



1 



57 

 3 



25 

 2 



18 

 1 



244 

 378 



52 

 1,146 



31 



50 



1,234 



Other 



3 622 



Douglas fir: 



Sheep 



275 



Other 





1,144 



Lodgepole pine: 



Sheep 



3 





256 



Other 



3 



1,226 



White fir: 



Sheep 





17 



Other 





21 



20 

 123 



118 



145 

 1,553 







139 



327 

 1,713 



31 



All species: 



Sheep 



54 

 8 



9 

 23 



99 

 6 



1,782 



Other 



6,023 





Table 14 shows the causes of death in 1913 and 1914, as far as 

 could be ascertained with a. fair degree of certainty. Of the several 

 hundred deaths whose cause could not be determined, most were 

 probably due to drought or a combination of drought and excessive 

 heating of the surface soil. This is the most serious obstacle to suc- 

 cessful reproduction in the western yellow pine type. " Winter- 

 killed ' ' in the first column of the table really embraces a number of 

 causes, including drought, frost, fungus, and others. 



