MUSHROOMS AND OTHER COMMON FUNGI. 23 



Russula emetica is a handsome plant of wide distribution found during summer and 

 autumn on the ground in woods or open places. Although some enthusiastic mycopha- 

 gists testify to its edibility, it is best to consider the species poisonous. 



Russula ochrophylla. 



Cap convex, becoming nearly plane or very slightly depressed in the center, when 

 old purple or purplish red, margin even, sometimes faintly striate when old; flesh, 

 white, purplish under the cuticle; gills adnate, entire, a few forked at the base, inter- 

 spaces somewhat venose, at first yellowish, ochraceous buff when mature, powdery 

 from the spores; stem mostly equal, solid or spongy within, rosy or red, paler than 

 the cap. 



Cap 2 to 4 inches broad; stem 2£ to 3 inches long. 



Russula ochrophylla may be found growing singly or in small patches on the ground 

 in woods, mostly under trees, according to Prof. Peck, especially under oak trees. 

 In Virginia, Maryland, and the District of Columbia it is abundant in July and 

 August and is to be found less frequently in September and the first part of October. 



Russula roseipes. (Edible.) 



Cap convex, sometimes plane or slightly depressed, at first viscid, then dry and 

 faintly striate on the margin, rosy red, frequently modified by pink or ochraceous 

 shades; gills moderately close, ventricose, more or less adnate, whitish becoming 

 yellow; stem stout, stuffed or somewhat hollow, white tinged with red. 



Cap 1 to 2 inches broad ; stem 1 \ to 3 inches long. 



This species grows on the ground in mixed, but generally coniferous, woods. It 

 appears in the late summer and autumn and is reported excellent, though, as already 

 stated, the amateur should be cautious and avoid all red species of this genus. 



Russula rubra. 



Cap convex, flattened, finally depressed, dry, pellicle absent, polished, cinnabar 

 red, becoming tan when old; flesh white, reddish under the cuticle; gills adnate, 

 somewhat crowded, whitish then yellowish, often red on the edge; stem stout, solid, 

 varying white or red. 



Cap 2\ to 4 inches broad; stem 2 to 3 inches long, about 1 inch thick. 



This species is extremely acrid, and, as there are conflicting opinions concerning its 

 edibility, it is best for the amateur to refrain from collecting it. It is found in woods 

 on the ground in summer and autumn. 



Russula virescens. (Edible.) 



Cap at first rounded, then expanded, when old somewhat depressed in the center, 

 dry, green, the surface broken up into quite regular, more or less angular areas of 

 deeper color, margin straight, obtuse, even; gills adnate, somewhat crowded, equal 

 or forked; stem equal, thick, solid or spongy, rivulose, white. 



Cap 3^ to 5 inches broad; stem about 2 inches long. (PI. XIX, fig. 2.) 

 This fungus is noticeable on account of the color and areolate character of the cap. 

 In Virginia, Maryland, and the District of Columbia it occurs commonly either solitary 

 or in small patches, but not in very great abundance, from July to September, but it 

 has been found from June through the entire summer and into October. The species 

 is edible and of good flavor. 



HYGROPHORUS. 



In the genus Hygrophorus the cap is viscid, moist, or hygrophanous, 

 and the flesh is continuous with that of the stem. The gills are gen- 

 erally distant, adnexed, adnate or decurrent, thick with acute edge, 

 watery, and of waxy consistency. Hygrophorus is closely related to 

 Cantharellus, the gills of which are blunt and forked but never waxy. 



